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Keldysh Institute Preprints

On the possibility of Bose condensate formation in ultracold neutron gas

Victor Dmitrievich Lakhno

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is suggested that the anomalous leakage of ultra-cold neutrons from a neutron trap may be associated with the formation of dineutrons in it. It is shown that the gas of ultracold neutrons at temperatures T less than 10-3 K should form a dineutron Bose condensate even in the absence of dineutrons as free stable particles. The consequences arising from the assumption of the stability of dineutrons in neutron stars are considered. The conditions for the formation of a Bose condensate from dineutrons in them and in heavy nuclei are discussed

DOI
10.20948/prepr-2024-85

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It is suggested that the anomalous leakage of ultra-cold neutrons from a neutron trap may be associated with the formation of dineutrons in it. It is shown that the gas of ultracold neutrons at temperatures T less than 10-3 K should form a dineutron Bose condensate even in the absence of dineutrons as free stable particles. The consequences arising from the assumption of the stability of dineutrons in neutron stars are considered. The conditions for the formation of a Bose condensate from dineutrons in them and in heavy nuclei are discussed
We study the stability of a Bose condensate of atomic 7Li^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li in a (harmonic oscillator) magnetic trap at nonzero temperatures. In analogy to the stability criterion for a neutron star, we conjecture that the gas becomes unstable if the free energy as a function of the central density of the cloud has a local extremum which conserves the number of particles. Moreover, we show that the number of condensate particles at the point of instability decreases with increasing temperature, and that for the temperature interval considered, the normal part of the gas is stable against density fluctuations at this point. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The problem of a condensate of a relativistic neutral vector boson gas constituted of particles bearing a magnetic moment is discussed. Such a vector boson system is expected to be formed either by parallel spin-pairing of neutrons in a sufficiently strong magnetic field, or by neutral atoms under specific conditions of magnetic field strength and density. A strong self-magnetization arises due to a Bose-Einstein-like condensation. Then the system, which may resemble the superfluid said to exist in the core of neutron stars, becomes more unstable under transverse collapse than the ordinary fermion gas. In the nonrelativistic limit of laboratory conditions, an analogy with the behavior of exploding Bose-Einstein condensates for critical values of magnetic field strength and particle density; reported by several authors, is briefly discussed.
The quantum mechanical phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation appears throughout physics with manifestations ranging from superconductivity in metals to superfluidity in nuclei and neutron stars. In most cases the condensation emerges due to correlations or pairing of fermionic particles. We explore this quantum behavior in a uniquely controllable and clean system consisting of an ultracold gas of atoms. In particular, by tuning the interactions between the fermionic atoms that make up our ultracold gas we can create condensates consisting of pairs of correlated atoms. These experiments introduce the ability to access the intriguing crossover regime where the quantum behavior of fermions becomes intertwined with that of bosons.
We briefly review the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in the two-dimensional trapped Bose gas and, in particular the relationship to the theory of the homogeneous two-dimensional gas and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase. We obtain a phase diagram for the trapped two-dimensional gas, finding a critical temperature above which the free energy of a state with a pair of vortices of opposite circulation is lower than that for a vortex-free Bose-Einstein condensed ground state. We identify three distinct phases which are, in order of increasing temperature, a phase coherent Bose-Einstein condensate, a vortex pair plasma with fluctuating condensate phase and a thermal Bose gas. The thermal activation of vortex-antivortex pair formation is confirmed using finite-temperature classical field simulations.
First, a condition for the Bose-Einstein transition in the superfluid liquid helium is presented due to the creation of a free neutron spinless pairs in a liquid helium and a dilute neutron gas mixture. We proposed a new model of dilute Bose gas, where presence atoms in the condensate is a suppressor for the collective modes as well as a creator for single-particle excitations On other hand, it is shown that the terms, of the interaction between the excitations of the Bose gas and the density modes of the neutron, meditate an attractive interaction via the neutron modes, which in turn leads to a bound state on a spinless neutron pair. The lambda transition is defined by a condition for the Bose-Einstein transition, which transforms reflected neutron pair modes to single neutron modes.