We experimentally demonstrate that pairs of Rydberg atoms in a cold gas can be targeted by a precisely tuned microwave field that induces a strong dipole-dipole interaction that selectively ejects these atoms from the gas.
Microwave pump-probe experiments starting with a cold gas of Rb 34s atoms confirm that cusped line shapes observed in dipole-dipole broadened microwave transitions are due to atoms which are widely separated and exhibit small dipole-dipole energy shifts. When the experiments are interpreted in terms of a nearest-neighbor model, they demonstrate that it is possible to select pairs of atoms based on their separation and orientation.
We demonstrated a tuned dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms by employing a controllable electric field in a cold cesium ensemble. The | n P 3/2 ⟩ ( n = 38–40) Rydberg pairs are prepared with a three-photon scheme and detected via the state-selective field ionization technique. A weak DC electric field is used to tune the Rydberg pair interaction from the van der Waals interaction regime to the dipole–dipole interaction regime. The Förster resonant interaction and an adiabatic resonance energy transfer between the n P and n S Rydberg states are attained by precisely tuning the electric field. Rydberg excitation blockade with and without the electric field is investigated by changing the excitation pulse duration, which demonstrates that the dipole interaction–induced blockade effect is stronger than the van der Waals interaction–induced blockade effect. The precise control of the Rydberg interaction is of great significance to the coherent interaction in many-body systems and non-radiative collision processes.