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Physical Review A

Tunable counterpropagating twin photon source

Albert Peralta Amores, Marcin Świłło

Published Dec 16, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an optical configuration for the generation of degenerate counterpropagating photon pairs via spontaneous-parametric down-conversion in subwavelength thin waveguides with 4 ¯ 3 m symmetry. The generated photon pairs exhibit orthogonal polarizations and excite TE- and TM-like modes. Compensation of the momentum mismatch between the excited modes by pump tilting enables tunable degenerate emission across the S , C , and L bands (1400 to 1600 nm). Experimental verification confirms an efficiency of ≈ 10 − 5 photon pairs per pump photon with an expected linewidth of 0.3 nm in 2-mm-long Ga 0.51 In 0.49 P waveguides. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.063713

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We present an optical configuration for the generation of degenerate counterpropagating photon pairs via spontaneous-parametric down-conversion in subwavelength thin waveguides with 4 ¯ 3 m symmetry. The generated photon pairs exhibit orthogonal polarizations and excite TE- and TM-like modes. Compensation of the momentum mismatch between the excited modes by pump tilting enables tunable degenerate emission across the S , C , and L bands (1400 to 1600 nm). Experimental verification confirms an efficiency of ≈ 10 − 5 photon pairs per pump photon with an expected linewidth of 0.3 nm in 2-mm-long Ga 0.51 In 0.49 P waveguides. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We experimentally demonstrate an integrated semiconductor source of counterpropagating twin photons in the telecom range. A pump beam impinging on top of an AlGaAs waveguide generates parametrically two counterpropagating, orthogonally polarized signal/idler guided modes. A 2 mm long waveguide emits at room temperature one average photon pair per pump pulse, with a spectral linewidth of 0.15 nm. The twin character of the emitted photons is ascertained through a time-correlation measurement. This work opens a route towards new guided-wave semiconductor quantum devices.
We experimentally demonstrate a counterpropagating twin photons source consisting of an AlGaAs multilayer waveguide. In our geometry, a pump beam impinging on top of a waveguide generates parametrically two counter propagating, orthogonally polarized signal/idler guided modes through a type II nonlinear interaction. Two phase-matched processes occur simultaneously in our scheme: in the first one, the photon copropagating with the z component of the pump beam is TM polarized and the counter propagating one is TE polarized. In the second one, the vice versa occurs. The most attractive application of this device is a narrow-bandwidth fibered source of entangled photon pairs, where signal and idler photons are collected at the opposite waveguide facets with low coupling losses.
In this paper, a configuration consisting in a pump propagating in an orthogonal direction with respect to the surface of a nanowaveguide is studied. It is possible to show that the generation by spontaneous parametric down-conversion of a signal and an idler photons inside the nanowaveguide is strongly dependent on the waveguide thickness, because the high refractive index of the waveguide core creates also an optical cavity for the pump field. Furthermore, it was evaluated the best condition for photon-pair generation in case of a nanowaveguide in gallium indium phosphide, which has a −43m symmetry.For the same waveguide geometry, but orientation parallel to the [110] plane, it is possible to use spontaneous parametric down-conversion to generate counter-propagating photon-pair with the same polarization. When the efficiency of the generated photon-pairs in TM0 and TE0 modes is the same, then it is possible to obtain polarization entangled photons, by using this configuration. Furthermore, by adding a mirror at one of the end of the waveguide, the system can be used to produce a squeezed-state.
We have designed and fabricated a set of AlGaAs multilayer waveguides, which can serve as a source of entangled photons at 1.55μm through parametric fluorescence. In our scheme two counterpropagating, orthogonally polarized signal/idler modes are nonlinearly generated by a pump wave impinging on the upper surface of the waveguide. To check the compliance with design specifications on phase-matching wavelength and parametric gain, we have systematically measured effective indices and surface-emitting second-harmonic generation, respectively. This characterization allowed us to single out a nominal sample with optimum performances, which we numerically modeled for counterpropagating parametric fluorescence. We predict a pair generation efficiency ηPF=4×10−13 (signal photons per pump photon). For a 1W (peak), 100ns pump pulse at normal incidence, this corresponds to about 14 photons per dark count with state-of-the-art avalanche photodiodes.