Quantum Computing (QC) technology and Deep Learning (DL) science have garnered significant attention for their potential to revolutionize computation. This paper introduces the basic concepts and terminologies of QC and DL to provide an understanding of these fields. In the context of QC, we explain key concepts such as qubits, quantum superposition (QS), quantum gates (QG), quantum measurement (QM), quantum circuits, quantum algorithms (QA), and different quantum computing applications. Regarding the DL, we present also the main concepts about various types of learning, DL models, hyperparameters of DL models, and DL applications. Also, this paper highlights the main differences between quantum deep learning (QDL) and classical deep learning (CDL). Additionally, we describe the required sequential steps to construct a quantum deep neural network (QDNN) model. This paper presents a valuable reference for beginners and researchers to a quick understanding of QC and DL and seeking to know about the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.
Quantum Computing (QC) technology and Deep Learning (DL) science have garnered significant attention for their potential to revolutionize computation. This paper introduces the basic concepts and terminologies of QC and DL to provide an understanding of these fields. In the context of QC, we explain key concepts such as qubits, quantum superposition (QS), quantum gates (QG), quantum measurement (QM), quantum circuits, quantum algorithms (QA), and different quantum computing applications. Regarding the DL, we present also the main concepts about various types of learning, DL models, hyperparameters of DL models, and DL applications. Also, this paper highlights the main differences between quantum deep learning (QDL) and classical deep learning (CDL). Additionally, we describe the required sequential steps to construct a quantum deep neural network (QDNN) model. This paper presents a valuable reference for beginners and researchers to a quick understanding of QC and DL and seeking to know about the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.
The last few decades have seen significant breakthroughs in the fields of deep learning and quantum computing. Research at the junction of the two fields has garnered an increasing amount of interest, which has led to the development of quantum deep learning and quantum-inspired deep learning techniques in recent times. In this work, we present an overview of advances in the intersection of quantum computing and deep learning by discussing the technical contributions, strengths and similarities of various research works in this domain. To this end, we review and summarise the different schemes proposed to model quantum neural networks (QNNs) and other variants like quantum convolutional networks (QCNNs). We also briefly describe the recent progress in quantum inspired classic deep learning algorithms and their applications to natural language processing.
Quantum deep learning is a research field for the use of quantum computing techniques for training deep neural networks. The research topics and directions of deep learning and quantum computing have been separated for long time, however by discovering that quantum circuits can act like artificial neural networks, quantum deep learning research is widely adopted. This paper explains the backgrounds and basic principles of quantum deep learning and also introduces major achievements. After that, this paper discusses the challenges of quantum deep learning research in multiple perspectives. Lastly, this paper presents various future research directions and application fields of quantum deep learning.
This paper provides an introduction to quantum machine learning, exploring the potential benefits of using quantum computing principles and algorithms that may improve upon classical machine learning approaches. Quantum computing utilizes particles governed by quantum mechanics for computational purposes, leveraging properties like superposition and entanglement for information representation and manipulation. Quantum machine learning applies these principles to enhance classical machine learning models, potentially reducing network size and training time on quantum hardware. The paper covers basic quantum mechanics principles, including superposition, phase space, and entanglement, and introduces the concept of quantum gates that exploit these properties. It also reviews classical deep learning concepts, such as artificial neural networks, gradient descent, and backpropagation, before delving into trainable quantum circuits as neural networks. An example problem demonstrates the potential advantages of quantum neural networks, and the appendices provide detailed derivations. The paper aims to help researchers new to quantum mechanics and machine learning develop their expertise more efficiently.
Quantum computing is described as a process by which a system calculates output. Quantum physics usually refers to the smallest discrete unit of any property; the basic unit of data in quantum is the qubit; this qubit unit is equivalent to the bit unit in classical neural networks. Quantum deep learning combines quantum computing with deep learning to reduce training time for neural networks, which has proven effective in solving some intractable problems on classical computers. Quantum deep learning has proven effective in solving some intractable problems on classical computers. A quantum network can benefit from quantum informationflow because it is a more efficient framework than classical systems. Each quantum deep learning consists of a quantum gate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of recent studies that include different quantum deep learning applications, including healthcare, handwriting, and many others. Also, methodologies, problems, main datasets, results, strengths, limitations, and challenges are included in this review.
Quantum Machine Learning (QML) and Quantum Deep Learning (QDL) are emerging research areas that combine quantum computing with machine learning and deep learning techniques.These approaches aim to improve computational speed, feature representation, optimisation, and learning performance in complex data-driven problems.This review paper presents a structured discussion of recent developments in QML and QDL, focusing on major algorithms, application areas, implementation approaches, current limitations, and future research directions.The review covers important quantum-based learning methods, including quantum support vector machines, quantum k-nearest neighbours, quantum principal component analysis, quantum neural networks, variational quantum classifiers, quantum convolutional neural networks, quantum reinforcement learning, quantum generative models, and hybrid quantum-classical models.The paper also discusses how these methods are being explored in healthcare, finance, cybersecurity, communication networks, image processing, natural language processing, and optimisation.However, the review shows that most QML and QDL models are still in the early stages of research.Current challenges include noisy quantum hardware, limited qubit count, data encoding issues, circuit design problems, difficulties with model training, and a lack of standardised benchmarks.The review concludes that QML and QDL have strong future potential, but their practical success depends on improved hardware, stronger algorithms, reliable frameworks, and fair comparison with classical models.
Deep quantum learning (DQL) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that bridges the realms of quantum computing and deep learning. By integrating the principles of quantum mechanics into deep neural networks, DQL seeks to harness the unique capabilities of quantum systems to revolutionize the landscape of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Quantum neural networks (QNNs) lie at the heart of DQL, utilizing quantum gates and entanglement to process classical data in quantum states. Quantum embeddings and quantum data preprocessing techniques are employed to encode classical information into quantum probability distributions, enabling quantum algorithms to manipulate classical data efficiently. Furthermore, hybrid quantum-classical optimization methods facilitate the training of QNNs by combining classical optimization techniques with quantum circuits. DQL shows great promise in solving computationally complex problems and may drive advancements in various fields, such as chemistry, optimization, and pattern recognition.