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Wuli yu gongcheng.

NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF QUANTUM TUNNELING BASED ON JULIA

Bingyi DU, Yan Xu

Published Jun 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum tunneling is an important model in elementary quantum mechanics. However, since solution of its wave function involves transcendental equation, many elementary quantum mechanics textbooks often focus on the explanation of transmission coefficient, and rarely mention the evolution of wave function. Although this process is mentioned in some textbooks, it is often solved by graphic method, which is not conducive to beginners' understanding of the process. In this paper, a numerical calculation method for beginners is proposed to solve this problem. According to Dirac's vectorization idea, the state vectors and operators in the Schrodinger equation are discretized in the form of vectors and matrices, respectively, and the time-dependent evolution of wave function tunneling under several potential barriers is solved by Julia numerically.

DOI
10.26599/phys.2022.9320303

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Quantum tunneling is an important model in elementary quantum mechanics. However, since solution of its wave function involves transcendental equation, many elementary quantum mechanics textbooks often focus on the explanation of transmission coefficient, and rarely mention the evolution of wave function. Although this process is mentioned in some textbooks, it is often solved by graphic method, which is not conducive to beginners' understanding of the process. In this paper, a numerical calculation method for beginners is proposed to solve this problem. According to Dirac's vectorization idea, the state vectors and operators in the Schrodinger equation are discretized in the form of vectors and matrices, respectively, and the time-dependent evolution of wave function tunneling under several potential barriers is solved by Julia numerically.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles have a probability of penetrating a potential barrier despite having total energy llower than the barrier height. This study analyzes the tunneling effect by solving the one-dimensional (1D) Schrodinger equation using the finite difference method to obtain the wave function evolution for various potential barrier configurations. The solution is implemented in a Graphical User Interface (GUI) MATLAB to facilitate analysis and visualization, allowing users to interactively adjust potential parameters, energy, and other conditions. Simualation results demonstratehow transmission probability depends on energy, height and width of potential barrier. This GUI provides an intiuitive tool for exploring quantun tunneling, making it valuable for both education and research in quantum physics.
We present the mathematical model and numerical calculation results for the tunneling of the wave function in a time-periodic double-well potential. The biquadratic potential of a double-well form is used. Based on a mathematical model of the time evolution of the wave function, a numerical algorithm has been developed and a program has been created for solving the Schrödinger equation, which describes the time evolution of the particle's wave function. As a result of numerical modeling, modulation regimes have been obtained at which tunneling took place. In a stationary double well potential, no tunneling was observed. On the contrary, in the time periodic potential, tunneling was observed, the rate of which depended on the modulation frequency. Adjusting the modulation parameters, it is possible to control the particle wave function tunneling rate.
Quantum mechanics describes phenomena that are key to understanding processes that cannot be explained by classical physics. This paper analyzes the behavior of particles in the presence of a potential barrier through numerical solutions to both time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations. These results enabled a detailed understanding of the energy structure and temporal dynamics of wave functions, including the phenomenon of quantum tunneling. The obtained data have a wide range of applications in technology: from semiconductor devices to quantum computing.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the establishment of quantum theory propelled rapid advancements, particularly in the understanding of quantum tunnelling—a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics crucial for various physical processes. The quantum phenomenon of particle passes through potential barriers is of great importance. In classical physics, when the energy of a particle is less than the height of a double barrier structure, it is impossible for it to pass through. However, quantum mechanics allows a particle to penetrate the barrier and emerge on the other side. This paper explores the quantum tunnelling effect, focusing on the single potential barrier model in one dimension and subsequently extending to the double potential barrier model. The Schrödinger equation provides the foundational framework for elucidating the motion of microscopic particles, emphasizing wave-particle duality inherent in quantum mechanics. The analysis of the single potential barrier model involves solving the Schrödinger equation in different regions, determining wave functions and coefficients through boundary conditions. The transmission coefficient is derived, representing the probability of a particle passing through a barrier. In the case of a “thick” barrier, an approximate form for transmission coefficient is provided, demonstrating the exponential decrease in transmission probability with increasing barrier thickness.
A simle numerical method of calculating transmission coefficients across arbitrary potentials is presented by using the combination of a transfer matrix procedure and the solution of the wave functions in arbitrary potentials.This method is applied to a parabolic potential and a double barrier potential in an electric field.The transmission coefficients calculated are in agreement with those obtained using a multistep potential approximation.The wave functions at the resonant states are also given for the two examples.