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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Insights into coherently controlled Fizeau light dragging in five-level atomic medium

Ubaidullah Khan, Amir Khesro, Riaz Ali, Wahid Ali, Amina, Jehan Akbar, Muhammad Usman, Nashaat S. Abd El-Gawaad

Published Dec 1, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We address the coherent regulation of Fizeau's light dragging effect in a five-level atomic medium using the exploitation of joint strong control and weak probing fields. The strength of Fizeau's light dragging, as well as the phase velocity and group index, exhibit a strong reliance upon the detuning of the probing type field and the associated Rabi type frequencies of the control fields. The maximum coefficient for Fizeau's light dragging is determined to be ± 500. This phenomenon significantly affects the phase along with the group velocities and induces a phase shift in light pulses propagating through the medium. Besides, the phase shift with maximum strength of light pulse in the medium is found to be ± 0.08 radians. Finally, it is important to note that our findings hold practical implications for applications such as interferometry, imaging coding, and the development of cloaking devices.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/ad9ac8

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Abstract We address the coherent regulation of Fizeau's light dragging effect in a five-level atomic medium using the exploitation of joint strong control and weak probing fields. The strength of Fizeau's light dragging, as well as the phase velocity and group index, exhibit a strong reliance upon the detuning of the probing type field and the associated Rabi type frequencies of the control fields. The maximum coefficient for Fizeau's light dragging is determined to be ± 500. This phenomenon significantly affects the phase along with the group velocities and induces a phase shift in light pulses propagating through the medium. Besides, the phase shift with maximum strength of light pulse in the medium is found to be ± 0.08 radians. Finally, it is important to note that our findings hold practical implications for applications such as interferometry, imaging coding, and the development of cloaking devices.
Abstract The Fresnel light dragging effect has remained a subject of significant interest for over two centuries, describing the modification of light propagation in a moving medium. This effect is strongly influenced by the dispersive properties of the medium and is commonly manifested through the phase shift of transmitted light, which varies with the velocity of the medium. In this work, we investigate the phase shift induced by varying the velocity of a moving microcavity. Our results show that a phase shift of approximately 10 m rad is obtained at a velocity of 2 m/s, which increases to about 40 m rad as the velocity reaches 10 m/s. Additionally, the motion of the microcavity significantly affects the transmission of the probe field, leading to measurable perturbations that depend on the induced phase shift. Specifically, the perturbation increases from 0.004 at 2 m/s to 0.02 at 10 m/s. These findings demonstrate that increasing the velocity of the medium enhances the light dragging effect, resulting in a greater modification of light propagation compared to its behavior in a vacuum. This study provides valuable insight into the control of light–matter interaction in dynamic optical systems and its potential applications in advanced photonic technologies.
Abstract The absorption, dispersion and transmission are controlled and modified with the intensities of Laguerre–Gaussian control fields in a four level cesium atomic medium. The normal and anomalous slope of dispersion are investigated for subluminal and superluminal propagation. The maximum measured value of positive/negative group index is n g =±1×107, at which, the group velocity is ±30 ms−1. The maximum delay time between the two beams at the detector without dragging is 0.414 ns and in the presence of dragging is measured to 0.44 ns. The fractional change in delay time without and in the presence of dragging Δt F is measured to ±2%. The maximum phase shift without dragging is reported to 2.6 micro radian and in the presence of dragging is investigated to ±4 micro radian. The fractional change in phase shift is reported from −200% to 50% and may be used for gravitational waves detection and other signals identification.
This research investigates the intricate interplay between a Hermite-Gaussian (HG) weak probe field and a five-level tripod atomic medium, modulated by three laser fields. The atomic medium's refractive index is made spatially dependent by a Hermite-Gaussian beam of light and influenced further by a Kerr field and a control field. The study focuses on exploring the impact of key parameters on the propagation dynamics of the HG probe field. The primary parameters under scrutiny include the probe field detuning (ΔP/γ\Delta_P/\gammaΔP​/γ), Kerr, coherent pump, and control field characteristics such as Rabi frequencies and detunings (Ω1,2,3/γ\Omega_{1,2,3}/\gammaΩ1,2,3​/γ, Δ1,2,3/γ\Delta_{1,2,3}/\gammaΔ1,2,3​/γ), as well as spatial coordinates x/ω0x/\omega_0x/ω0​ and y/ω0y/\omega_0y/ω0​, where ω0\omega_0ω0​ denotes the Gaussian beam waist. Through systematic analysis, we elucidate the intricate effects of these parameters on the modulation of the HG probe field within the atomic medium. The study not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of light-matter interactions in complex atomic systems but also holds promise for potential applications in quantum information processing and communication. The results provide valuable insights into the control and manipulation of light beams in spatially varying media, paving the way for advancements in quantum optics and atomic physics.
This research investigates the intricate interplay between a Hermite-Gaussian (HG) weak probe field and a five-level tripod atomic medium, modulated by three laser fields. The atomic medium's refractive index is made spatially dependent by a Hermite-Gaussian beam of light and influenced further by a Kerr field and a control field. The study focuses on exploring the impact of key parameters on the propagation dynamics of the HG probe field. The primary parameters under scrutiny include the probe field detuning (ΔP/γ\Delta_P/\gammaΔP​/γ), Kerr, coherent pump, and control field characteristics such as Rabi frequencies and detunings (Ω1,2,3/γ\Omega_{1,2,3}/\gammaΩ1,2,3​/γ, Δ1,2,3/γ\Delta_{1,2,3}/\gammaΔ1,2,3​/γ), as well as spatial coordinates x/ω0x/\omega_0x/ω0​ and y/ω0y/\omega_0y/ω0​, where ω0\omega_0ω0​ denotes the Gaussian beam waist. Through systematic analysis, we elucidate the intricate effects of these parameters on the modulation of the HG probe field within the atomic medium. The study not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of light-matter interactions in complex atomic systems but also holds promise for potential applications in quantum information processing and communication. The results provide valuable insights into the control and manipulation of light beams in spatially varying media, paving the way for advancements in quantum optics and atomic physics.
Abstract Light-matter interaction between a light field and an atomic medium could be used to manipulate the medium’s dispersive properties, leading to subluminal and superluminal regimes. Utilizing the same idea, this work investigates the propagation of structured superluminal light and anomalous phase shifts in a Λ- type three-level atomic medium, where a structured control field governs the atomic system. The absorption and dispersion properties are modulated by the azimuthal quantum number (ℓ) of the control field. The maxima and minima of the absorption spectrum, along with the corresponding normal and anomalous dispersion peaks, are enhanced with a (2ℓ) dependence on the azimuthal quantum number in the medium. The negative group index and anomalous phase shift vary within the ranges −1000 ≤ ng ≤ −900 and −6.5 × 10 5 ≤ ϕ ≤ −5.6 × 10 5 rad, respectively. The corresponding group velocity lies in the range −3.33 × 10 5 ≤ vg ≤ −3.0 × 10 5 m/s within the spatial region −2λ ≤ x, y ≤ 2λ. Furthermore, the anomalous phase shift is significantly enhanced in regions exhibiting superluminal behavior, following the (2ℓ) azimuthal quantum number dependence. The findings of this work may have potential applications in optical storage devices, imaging, coding, and the design of advanced photonic technologies.
As one of the most influential experiments on the development of modern macroscopic theory from Newtonian mechanics to Einstein's special theory of relativity, the phenomenon of light dragging in a moving medium has been discussed and observed extensively in different types of systems. To have a significant dragging effect, the long duration of light travelling in the medium is preferred. Here we demonstrate a light-dragging experiment in an electromagnetically induced transparent cold atomic ensemble and enhance the dragging effect by at least three orders of magnitude compared with the previous experiments. With a large enhancement of the dragging effect, we realize an atom-based velocimeter that has a sensitivity two orders of magnitude higher than the velocity width of the atomic medium used. Such a demonstration could pave the way for motional sensing using the collective state of atoms in a room temperature vapour cell or solid state material.