Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of research in applied mathematics.

Wave Function Collapse Induced By Electromagnetic Radiation

Antonio Puccini, Antonio Puccini

Published Nov 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Here we propose the possibility that the pushing effect induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMR), i.e. the light pressure, can explain the intimate physical mechanism (at the moment still unknown) through which the so-called Wave Function Collapse of the hit particle occurs, whereby the particle passes instantly from a wave behavior to a corpuscular one. In other words, the interaction of a single light quantum with a subatomic particlelocalises it in that instant, while inducing thecollapse ofitswave function(WFC). As it is known, indeed, the observation of the microscopic world, that is the measurement of a quantum object, inexorably modify the physical system we want to examine. According to Feynman, if we want to detect, observe, measure an electron, we need to light it, we need to point on it an electromagnetic wave with the same or shorter wavelength. Hence, a possiblelink between measurementand EMR seems to come out. In short, it seems likely that it is the momentum of the light quantum to be transferred to the struck particle, exerting a force on it, a pressure (the so-called Radiation Pressure) enough to induce the WFC of the measured quantum object.

DOI
10.35629/0743-10117283

Related papers

Light Quantum Induces The Measurement Paradox

Antonio Puccini

We learn from Quantum Mechanics that the observation of the microscopic world, the measurement (M) of a quantum object, i.e. a particle, inexorably modifies the physical system we wish to examine. What happens is that with the M it takes place a reduction of the state vectors, that is the ‘wave function collapse’ of the measured particle. Why does it happen? No one knows. The enigma of the so-called Measurement Paradox, in our opinion, could be solved if we considered that the light quantum(LQ), as suggested by the Principle of Equivalence Mass-Energy, carries out a dynamic-mass equivalent to its energy. The LQ is indispensable to carry out a M. No M can be carried out without using the quantum of light. Calculus show that a photon of the optic band hits an electron with a momentum bigger than the mass of the electron itself. This may explain why the M induces the implosion of the quantum object observed, together with the collapse of its wave function, giving rise to the Measurement Paradox.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS•Jan 19, 2019•7 citations

Correct Quantum Gravity is a Mechanical Effect Induced by Dynamic-Mass of Light’s Quanta

Antonio Puccini

In its natural state the electron is represented by superimposed quantum states. This is the phase of linear unitary evolution, or U Phase, described by Schrodinger equation. Whereas, when we carry out a measurement (M), it took place a reduction of the state vectors(R Process): we have the wave function collapse (WFC) of the measured quantum object (QO). The M, thus, produces a big changes on the physical properties of the observed particle. How do these changes happen? What is the secret mechanism which creates the WFC? We don’t know. With this paper we try to introduce a new parameter, induced by the electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), which can help us discern the doubts about the R Process, and try to find a continuity in order to link the U Phase to the R Process, so contrasting at the moment. The new parameter could be a gravity and quantum effect, when we try to make a M of a subatomic object. What is this effect represented by? It is a gravitational effect, since it is a mass-effect, a mechanical action induced by quanta of EMR: therefore, it is also a quantum effect. The photon (P) is indispensable to carry out a M. No M can be carried out without using the EMR. Calculus show that a P of the optic band hits an electron with a dynamic-mass, a radiation pressure, a pushing momentum equal to 1.32510-22[gcm/s]. Thus, we can infer it is a quantum gravitational effect to cause the WFC of the QO undergoing the M. In short, it could be essentially the mechanical action represented by the gravitational mass effect of light’s quanta to induce the WFC and the Measurement’s Paradox and, likely, make a starting point to a Correct Quantum Gravity.

•Dec 1, 2017•1 citation

Spectral Interpretation of Wavefunction Collapse: The Electron as an Electromagnetic Wave

Fares Al-Sharabi

This paper proposes a spectral reinterpretation of wavefunction collapse based on the electromagnetic nature of the electron. In this framework, the electron is not a point particle but a confined electromagnetic wave. The so-called “collapse of the wavefunction” is not a mysterious or observer-induced process, but a real physical phenomenon — a destructive spectral interaction between the electron’s wave field and the electromagnetic field of the measuring device. This interaction destroys the spectral coherence of the electron wave, transforming it from a complex interference-capable field into a linear mode that manifests as a localized detection event. The model provides a tangible physical mechanism for the disappearance of interference in the double-slit experiment when measurement occurs.

•Jan 16, 2026•0 citations

Negative radiation pressure on an ensemble of atoms in free space

Navdeep Arya, Navketan Batra, Kinjalk Lochan +1 more

Light is known to exert a pushing force through the radiation pressure on any surface it is incident upon, via the transfer of momentum from the light to the surface. For an atom, the interaction with light can lead to both absorption as well as emission of photons, leading to repulsive and attractive forces, respectively. For classical light, these two processes occur at the same rates. Therefore, a thermal ensemble of atoms at a finite temperature always experiences a net pushing force. In this paper, we show that when treated quantum mechanically the pulsed electromagnetic field interacting with the thermal ensemble of atoms leads to unequal transition rates, again resulting in a non-zero net force. However, the signature and the magnitude of the force depends upon the intensity of the light, the number of atoms, and the initial temperature of the ensemble. Thus, even at finite temperature, controlling the parameters of the electromagnetic pulse and the number of particles in the ensemble, the net force can be changed from repulsive to attractive, generating negative radiation pressure in the process. Quite counterintuitively, this negative radiation pressure arising out of pure quantum character of light gets stronger for higher temperatures.

•Apr 28, 2021•0 citations

A QED-compatible wave theory of light, electrons, and their interactions

Henry H. Lindner

The photoelectric effect, the Compton effects, and now anticorrelation experiments have been claimed to prove that light consists of particles flying through a void. However the particle model is decisively falsified by the known wave qualities of electromagnetic radiation. Quantum Electrodynamics also uses spreading wave amplitudes; not flying particles. The evidence indicates that light is a wave and electrons are electromagnetic wave-structures that absorb and emit light in discrete wave-packets. These wave-quanta are emitted directionally and then spread in space in proportion to their wavelength. Their waves superposition with all other waves in space. In low intensity experiments, the waves that an electron in a photodetector absorbs come from the superpositioning of the source wave-quanta and background radiation. The importance of background radiation is evidenced by "dark counts". Treating electrons and the quanta they absorb and emit as particles when they are composed of waves is the source of all the paradoxes, unreality and confusion in Quantum Mechanics. The word "photon" should be replaced by "quantum" in the description of this particular electronic process. The conceptual model presented here explains the known phenomena without producing paradoxes and unifies quantum and classical electromagnetics.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 8, 2011•1 citation

Relation between Quantum Jump and Wave Function Collapse

Tadashi Nakajima

Whether the wave function collapses or not is a major remaining question in the theory of quantum measurement. This difficulty stems from the following two facts. First, it has not been recognized that single-particle quantum mechanics and many-particle quantum mechanics must be treated separately. Second, quantum jump (QJ) and wave function collapse (WFC) need clearer definitions. We define a QJ as a process of selecting a set of system eigenvalues (SEVs) of an observable and a WFC as a process of determining the probability distribution (PD) of SEVs, both from a single measurement. The goal of quantum observation is to obtain the PD, which is determined from an ensemble of SEVs. The wave function becomes an observable when the PD is determined. In single-particle quantum mechanics, a single measurement results in only one set of SEVs, and the PD is not observable. Therefore, the WFC does not happen. In many-particle quantum mechanics, we focus on the occupation number of a single quantum state. The wave function does not collapse in general, but there are exceptions. The occupation number can be huge and macroscopic for photons or for Bose-Einstein condensates. In such a case, the PD is determined from a single measurement of a real ensemble, and the WFC occurs. We call it a macroscopic quantum jump, which effectively is a measurement of a classical observable.

Qeios•Dec 8, 2024•9 citations
Here we propose the possibility that the pushing effect induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMR), i.e. the light pressure, can explain the intimate physical mechanism (at the moment still unknown) through which the so-called Wave Function Collapse of the hit particle occurs, whereby the particle passes instantly from a wave behavior to a corpuscular one. In other words, the interaction of a single light quantum with a subatomic particlelocalises it in that instant, while inducing thecollapse ofitswave function(WFC). As it is known, indeed, the observation of the microscopic world, that is the measurement of a quantum object, inexorably modify the physical system we want to examine. According to Feynman, if we want to detect, observe, measure an electron, we need to light it, we need to point on it an electromagnetic wave with the same or shorter wavelength. Hence, a possiblelink between measurementand EMR seems to come out. In short, it seems likely that it is the momentum of the light quantum to be transferred to the struck particle, exerting a force on it, a pressure (the so-called Radiation Pressure) enough to induce the WFC of the measured quantum object.
We learn from Quantum Mechanics that the observation of the microscopic world, the measurement (M) of a quantum object, i.e. a particle, inexorably modifies the physical system we wish to examine. What happens is that with the M it takes place a reduction of the state vectors, that is the ‘wave function collapse’ of the measured particle. Why does it happen? No one knows. The enigma of the so-called Measurement Paradox, in our opinion, could be solved if we considered that the light quantum(LQ), as suggested by the Principle of Equivalence Mass-Energy, carries out a dynamic-mass equivalent to its energy. The LQ is indispensable to carry out a M. No M can be carried out without using the quantum of light. Calculus show that a photon of the optic band hits an electron with a momentum bigger than the mass of the electron itself. This may explain why the M induces the implosion of the quantum object observed, together with the collapse of its wave function, giving rise to the Measurement Paradox.
In its natural state the electron is represented by superimposed quantum states. This is the phase of linear unitary evolution, or U Phase, described by Schrodinger equation. Whereas, when we carry out a measurement (M), it took place a reduction of the state vectors(R Process): we have the wave function collapse (WFC) of the measured quantum object (QO). The M, thus, produces a big changes on the physical properties of the observed particle. How do these changes happen? What is the secret mechanism which creates the WFC? We don’t know. With this paper we try to introduce a new parameter, induced by the electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), which can help us discern the doubts about the R Process, and try to find a continuity in order to link the U Phase to the R Process, so contrasting at the moment. The new parameter could be a gravity and quantum effect, when we try to make a M of a subatomic object. What is this effect represented by? It is a gravitational effect, since it is a mass-effect, a mechanical action induced by quanta of EMR: therefore, it is also a quantum effect. The photon (P) is indispensable to carry out a M. No M can be carried out without using the EMR. Calculus show that a P of the optic band hits an electron with a dynamic-mass, a radiation pressure, a pushing momentum equal to 1.32510-22[gcm/s]. Thus, we can infer it is a quantum gravitational effect to cause the WFC of the QO undergoing the M. In short, it could be essentially the mechanical action represented by the gravitational mass effect of light’s quanta to induce the WFC and the Measurement’s Paradox and, likely, make a starting point to a Correct Quantum Gravity.
This paper proposes a spectral reinterpretation of wavefunction collapse based on the electromagnetic nature of the electron. In this framework, the electron is not a point particle but a confined electromagnetic wave. The so-called “collapse of the wavefunction” is not a mysterious or observer-induced process, but a real physical phenomenon — a destructive spectral interaction between the electron’s wave field and the electromagnetic field of the measuring device. This interaction destroys the spectral coherence of the electron wave, transforming it from a complex interference-capable field into a linear mode that manifests as a localized detection event. The model provides a tangible physical mechanism for the disappearance of interference in the double-slit experiment when measurement occurs.
Light is known to exert a pushing force through the radiation pressure on any surface it is incident upon, via the transfer of momentum from the light to the surface. For an atom, the interaction with light can lead to both absorption as well as emission of photons, leading to repulsive and attractive forces, respectively. For classical light, these two processes occur at the same rates. Therefore, a thermal ensemble of atoms at a finite temperature always experiences a net pushing force. In this paper, we show that when treated quantum mechanically the pulsed electromagnetic field interacting with the thermal ensemble of atoms leads to unequal transition rates, again resulting in a non-zero net force. However, the signature and the magnitude of the force depends upon the intensity of the light, the number of atoms, and the initial temperature of the ensemble. Thus, even at finite temperature, controlling the parameters of the electromagnetic pulse and the number of particles in the ensemble, the net force can be changed from repulsive to attractive, generating negative radiation pressure in the process. Quite counterintuitively, this negative radiation pressure arising out of pure quantum character of light gets stronger for higher temperatures.
The photoelectric effect, the Compton effects, and now anticorrelation experiments have been claimed to prove that light consists of particles flying through a void. However the particle model is decisively falsified by the known wave qualities of electromagnetic radiation. Quantum Electrodynamics also uses spreading wave amplitudes; not flying particles. The evidence indicates that light is a wave and electrons are electromagnetic wave-structures that absorb and emit light in discrete wave-packets. These wave-quanta are emitted directionally and then spread in space in proportion to their wavelength. Their waves superposition with all other waves in space. In low intensity experiments, the waves that an electron in a photodetector absorbs come from the superpositioning of the source wave-quanta and background radiation. The importance of background radiation is evidenced by "dark counts". Treating electrons and the quanta they absorb and emit as particles when they are composed of waves is the source of all the paradoxes, unreality and confusion in Quantum Mechanics. The word "photon" should be replaced by "quantum" in the description of this particular electronic process. The conceptual model presented here explains the known phenomena without producing paradoxes and unifies quantum and classical electromagnetics.
Whether the wave function collapses or not is a major remaining question in the theory of quantum measurement. This difficulty stems from the following two facts. First, it has not been recognized that single-particle quantum mechanics and many-particle quantum mechanics must be treated separately. Second, quantum jump (QJ) and wave function collapse (WFC) need clearer definitions. We define a QJ as a process of selecting a set of system eigenvalues (SEVs) of an observable and a WFC as a process of determining the probability distribution (PD) of SEVs, both from a single measurement. The goal of quantum observation is to obtain the PD, which is determined from an ensemble of SEVs. The wave function becomes an observable when the PD is determined. In single-particle quantum mechanics, a single measurement results in only one set of SEVs, and the PD is not observable. Therefore, the WFC does not happen. In many-particle quantum mechanics, we focus on the occupation number of a single quantum state. The wave function does not collapse in general, but there are exceptions. The occupation number can be huge and macroscopic for photons or for Bose-Einstein condensates. In such a case, the PD is determined from a single measurement of a real ensemble, and the WFC occurs. We call it a macroscopic quantum jump, which effectively is a measurement of a classical observable.