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Chaos Solitons & Fractals

The stability and collision dynamics of quantum droplets in PT-symmetric optical lattices

Juncheng Hu, Hongcheng Wang, Guihua Chen, Qingmao Zhang

Published Dec 2, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115837

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Abstract We study stability and collisions of quantum droplets (QDs) forming in a binary bosonic condensate trapped in parity-time (   )-symmetric optical lattices. It is found that the stability of QDs in the   -symmetric system depends strongly on the values of the imaginary part W 0 of the   -symmetric optical lattices, self-repulsion strength g , and the condensate norm N . As expected, the   -symmetric QDs are entirely unstable in the broken   -symmetric phase. However, the   -symmetric QDs exhibit oscillatory stability with the increase of N and g in the unbroken   -symmetric phase. Finally, collisions between   -symmetric QDs are considered. The collisions of droplets with unequal norms are completely different from that in free space. Besides, a stable   -symmetric QDs collides with an unstable ones tend to merge into breathers after the collision.
In this paper, vortex solitons are produced for a variety of 2D spinning quantum droplets (QDs) in a PT-symmetric potential, modeled by the amended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. In particular, exact QD states are obtained under certain parameter constraints, providing a guide to finding the respective generic family. In a parameter region of the unbroken PT symmetry, different families of QDs originating from the linear modes are obtained in the form of multipolar and vortex droplets at low and high values of the norm, respectively, and their stability is investigated. In the spinning regime, QDs become asymmetric above a critical rotation frequency, most of them being stable. The effect of the PT-symmetric potential on the spinning and nonspinning QDs is explored by varying the strength of the gain-loss distribution. Generally, spinning QDs trapped in the PT-symmetric potential exhibit asymmetry due to the energy flow affected by the interplay of the gain-loss distribution and rotation. Finally, interactions between spinning or nonspinning QDs are explored, exhibiting elastic collisions under certain conditions.