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APL Quantum

Effect on the spectral purity of photon-pairs due to on-chip temporal manipulation of the pump

Lukas Rodda, Ben M. Burridge, Jorge Barreto, Imad I. Faruque

Published Dec 1, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are a promising contender for quantum information technologies. The spectral purity of photons is one of the key attributes of photon-pair sources based on nonlinear optics. We can obtain >99% purity in PIC ring-resonator photon-pair sources by manipulating the pump pulse in the time domain. Here, we have developed a PIC to shape a pulse into dual, triple, and quadruple pulses and investigated the effect of these pump pulse configurations on the purity. Our results show that more complex configurations, compared to a two-pulse configuration, do not result in comparatively higher purity but allow more accurate control over choosing arbitrary values of the purity.

DOI
10.1063/5.0229514

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Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are a promising contender for quantum information technologies. The spectral purity of photons is one of the key attributes of photon-pair sources based on nonlinear optics. We can obtain >99% purity in PIC ring-resonator photon-pair sources by manipulating the pump pulse in the time domain. Here, we have developed a PIC to shape a pulse into dual, triple, and quadruple pulses and investigated the effect of these pump pulse configurations on the purity. Our results show that more complex configurations, compared to a two-pulse configuration, do not result in comparatively higher purity but allow more accurate control over choosing arbitrary values of the purity.
Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC)s are a promising contender for quantum information technologies. The spectral purity of photons is one of the key attributes of PIC photon-pair sources. The dual-pulse pump manipulation technique [1] showed >99% purity in ring-resonator photon-pair sources. Here, we have developed a PIC to shape a pulse into dual, triple and quadruple pulses and investigated the effect of these pump pulse configurations on the purity. Our results show that more complex configurations over dual-pulse do not result in comparatively higher purity but allow accurate control over choosing arbitrary values of the purity.
Fully integrated high spectral purity photon-pair sources represent critical core components for scalable photonic quantum information processing systems. While micro-ring resonator based single-photon sources demonstrate superior integration capabilities, their spectral purity typically suffers from a theoretical upper bound below 92% in the absence of narrow-band spectral filtering, rendering it inadequate for advanced quantum applications. This work successfully implements an on-chip dual-pulse controlled photon pair generation architecture on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible silicon photonic platform, achieving high spectral purity exceeding 98% by optimizing the beam splitting ratio and adjusting the relative time delay between the two pulses. Furthermore, to mitigate operating point drift in the micro-ring photon-pair generator induced by micro-heater current variations during testing, we developed a power control algorithm that locks the micro-ring resonance to the corresponding frequency of the shaped optical pulse, significantly improving long-term system stability.
Quantum technology promises to deliver quantum computers, unbreakable communication and ultra-sensitive sensors. Quantum photonics is one of the prominent platforms of quantum technology which utilizes photons – often called flying qubits. Entanglement generated from a photon-pair source is a crucial resource for many quantum photonic implementations, for example, an entanglement-based global quantum network and metrology beyond classical limits. Here, we will discuss our recent results of chip-scale photon-pair sources in silicon photonics. These results are focused on improving brightness, spectral purity and indistinguishability of the photon-pair sources, for example, by engineering photonic structures and temporal pulse shaping. We have found that both methods have trade-offs among brightness, spectral purity and indistinguishability. Additionally, we have observed that generating a high-fidelity quantum state using a quantum photonic circuit requires sufficient isolation between the nonlinear photon-pair sources and the linear photonic circuit. It is crucial to remove the nonlinear effect of the strong pump both before and after the sources to limit the spurious photon-pair generation which contaminates the target quantum state.
We experimentally demonstrate a high-spectral-purity photon source by designing a dual-Mach–Zehnder-interferometer-coupled silicon ring resonator, wherein the linewidths of pump and signal (idler) resonances can be engineered independently. A high spectral purity of 95 % ± 1.5 % is obtained via a time-integrated g ( 2 ) correlation measurement, which exceeds the theoretical 93% bound of a traditional ring’s spontaneous four-wave-mixing photon source. This source also possesses high performance in other metrics including a measured coincidence of 9599 pairs/s and a preparation heralding efficiency of 52.4% at a relatively low pump power of 61 µW as well as high drop-to-through suppression of 20.2 dB. By overcoming the trade-off between spectral purity and brightness in the post-filtering way, such a method guarantees bright pure photons and will pave the way for development of on-chip quantum information processing with improved operation fidelity and efficiency.
The future of integrated quantum photonics relies heavily on the ability to engineer refined methods for preparing the quantum states needed to implement various quantum protocols. An important example of such states is quantum-correlated photon pairs, which can be efficiently generated using spontaneous nonlinear processes in integrated microring-resonator structures. In this work, we propose a method for generating spectrally unentangled photon pairs from a standard microring resonator. The method utilizes interference between a primary and a delayed secondary pump pulse to effectively increase the pump spectral width inside the cavity. This enables on-chip generation of heralded single photons with state purities in excess of 99% without spectral filtering.
Recently, many researchers focus on the integration of single photon sources on an optical chip toward the realization of large-scale quantum information processing.Identical single photons are required to obtain good interference between photons for quantum information processing, for which high "spectral purity" of single photons is required.An appealing scheme is employing the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon micro-ring resonator (MRR) because it allows us to generate high-purity photons without external spectral filters.However, the purity value is limited to 0.92 due to the dispersion property of an MRR We have developed a new scheme to further increase the spectral purity from an MRR by manipulating the spectral phase distribution of the pump pulse.Via exploring several strategies on the spectral phase modulation, we found that the purity of single photon can be increased up to approximately 0.96 breaking the conventional limitation of 0.92 in a standard MRR.We further explore the experimental feasibility of the scheme toward future implementation.