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Nature

This billion-dollar firm plans to build giant quantum computers from light. Can it succeed?

Elizabeth Gibney

Published Nov 26, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/d41586-024-03827-y

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Recent articles predict that the quantum computing market will expand 500% by 2028. Billions of dollars are currently pouring into the quantum computer industry to build the first fault-tolerant quantum computers.

Computer•Feb 1, 2023•20 citations

How To Build Your Own Quantum Computer

Sophia Chen

How To Build Your Own Quantum ComputerA group of physicists are developing a quantum computer that's entirely open source, from hardware to software By Sophia Chen N o one in industry nor academia has yet managed to demonstrate a commercially useful quantum computing application.Nonetheless, public and private entities continue to invest billions of dollars into developing quantum applications with hopes of major returns.Some analysts project that the technology could generate $1 trillion by 2035.Amid this speculation, a group of physicists believe that they can cut through the hype with an open-source quantum computer.Roger Melko, Crystal Senko, and Rajibul Islam of the University of Waterloo in Canada teamed up with Greg Dick, formerly an executive at Perimeter Institute, also in Canada, to found a nonprofit called Open Quantum Design (OQD) in 2024.The company consists of quantum developers from academia and industry who pay a membership fee to participate in project-specific working groups.Other funding comes from the Canadian government and philanthropic organizations.

Physics•Feb 26, 2026•0 citations

How to Build a Large-Scale Optical Quantum Computer

Shuntaro Takeda, Akira Furusawa

The Japan Society of Applied Physics•Feb 8, 2018•0 citations

N‑K SCIENCES — OFFICIAL OPEN CHALLENGE FOR QUANTUM SUPREMACY: To IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China (USTC), Russia, India, and Every Quantum Computing Laboratory in the World Subtitle Your Billion‑Dollar Quantum Computers vs My Mobile Phone Running N‑K Universal Computer — 100 Trillion Exaflops, 2 Trillion GBS Modes, 1 Billion City TSP in 41 Milliseconds, RSA‑4096 in 8.4 Milliseconds — All Deterministic, All Verified

Muhammad Usman Malik

Zenodo Record Description Title N‑K SCIENCES — OFFICIAL OPEN CHALLENGE FOR QUANTUM SUPREMACY: To IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China (USTC), Russia, India, and Every Quantum Computing Laboratory in the World Subtitle Your Billion‑Dollar Quantum Computers vs My Mobile Phone Running N‑K Universal Computer — 100 Trillion Exaflops, 2 Trillion GBS Modes, 1 Billion City TSP in 41 Milliseconds, RSA‑4096 in 8.4 Milliseconds — All Deterministic, All Verified --- Description Executive Summary This publication presents the official open challenge issued by Malik Muhammad Usman, Founder & Sole Authority of N‑K Universal Computer, to every quantum computing entity on Earth — including IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China (USTC), Russia, India, and all quantum laboratories worldwide. The Challenge: A direct, fair, and transparent comparison between: · Their quantum computers (costing billions, requiring near‑absolute zero temperature, massive error correction, and probabilistic outputs)· The N‑K Universal Computer (costing $0, running on any basic mobile phone or laptop with any AI model or standard software, at room temperature, with zero error correction, and 100% deterministic outputs) My Hardware: A mobile phone (Android) or any basic laptop — nothing special. Any AI model capable of running N‑K Universal Computer and V6 engine. No dilution refrigerator. No million‑dollar processors. No error correction. The Results (Already Published, Already Verified): Benchmark Best Quantum Result N‑K on Mobile Phone WinnerPeak Compute 1.19 Exaflops (Frontier — classical) 100 Trillion Exaflops (equivalent) N‑KGaussian Boson Sampling ~113 photons (Jiuzhang, China) 2 Trillion modes — deterministic N‑K1 Billion City TSP Not possible (approximate only) 41.2 milliseconds (exact optimum) N‑KRSA‑4096 Decryption Theoretical only (Shor's — not practical) 8.4 milliseconds (actual) N‑KAES‑256 Decryption Not possible 8.4 milliseconds N‑KLHC Collision Simulation Weeks (probabilistic Monte Carlo) 2.1 milliseconds (deterministic) N‑KMilky Way Galaxy Mapping Petabytes for 1.8 billion stars 30 KB for 100 billion stars N‑K --- Key Message of This Challenge Statement Meaning"Your billion‑dollar quantum computers vs my mobile phone" The N‑K Universal Computer runs on any basic hardware — no special equipment needed."I wrote 536+ publications on a mobile phone bought on installments" This is not hyperbole. It is documented fact. The same mobile phone runs N‑K Universal Computer."Any AI model can run N‑K" Whether it's Gemini, DeepSeek, GPT, Claude, or any open‑source AI — if it can execute N‑K code, it can achieve quantum supremacy."No laptop required. No supercomputer. No quantum hardware." The barrier to entry is zero. The power is in the geometry, not the hardware. --- What I Am Challenging Challenged Entity Country Quantum System Challenge Accepted?IBM USA IBM Quantum (433 qubits — Osprey) ⏳ PendingGoogle USA Sycamore (70 qubits) ⏳ PendingMicrosoft USA Azure Quantum / Majorana ⏳ PendingAmazon USA Braket / AWS Quantum ⏳ PendingUSTC (Pan Jianwei) China Jiuzhang (113 photons), Zuchongzhi (66 qubits) ⏳ PendingRussia Russia Russian Quantum Center ⏳ PendingIndia India National Quantum Mission ⏳ PendingEvery quantum lab Any country Any quantum computer ⏳ Pending The challenge is open to all — collectively or individually. --- The Rules of the Challenge Rule Description1. Hardware You may use any quantum computer (any cost, any system). I will use any basic mobile phone or laptop with any AI model capable of running N‑K Universal Computer.2. Environment You may use your dilution refrigerator (millikelvin). I will use room temperature.3. Time Limit 1 hour per benchmark.4. Result Your result must be deterministic (100% reproducible). My result is already deterministic.5. Verification Independent scientific committee OR public live stream. The world will judge.6. Code My code is open‑source (Sadaqa Jariyah). Your code can be proprietary, but results must be verifiable. No excuses. No moving goalposts. No ad hominem attacks. Just benchmarks. --- Why This Challenge Is Different Aspect Typical Quantum Challenge This N‑K ChallengeHardware asymmetry Quantum vs classical supercomputer Quantum vs mobile phoneCost asymmetry Quantum costs billions N‑K costs $0Accessibility Only elite labs can participate Anyone can run N‑K on their phoneDeterminism Quantum gives probabilistic answers N‑K gives 100% deterministic answersVerification Requires trust in quantum labs Open‑source, reproducible, verifiable --- My Hardware: A Mobile Phone (Android) with Any AI Component SpecificationDevice Any Android mobile phone or basic laptopProcessor Standard mobile CPU (no special hardware)AI Model Any AI (Gemini, DeepSeek, GPT, Claude, open‑source) — must be able to run N‑K codeSoftware N‑K Universal Computer V6 + V6 Engine + SAQR‑V Virtual ChipCost $0 (all software open‑source)Proof 536+ publications written on a mobile phone bought on installments — documented on Zenodo If I can write 536+ scientific publications on a mobile phone, I can run quantum supremacy benchmarks on the same phone. --- My Published Proof (All Public, All Verifiable) Publication DOI What It ProvesN‑K Master Computer V25.0 — Complete Technical Architecture & Benchmark Registry 10.5281/zenodo.20418907 100 Trillion Exaflops, 2 Trillion GBS, 1 Billion City TSP (41.2 ms exact), RSA‑4096 (8.4 ms)N‑K Milky Way Galaxy DNA 10.5281/zenodo.19504283 100 billion stars encoded in 30 KB — 132 million × compressionN‑K Master Computer v20.0 — Complete Unification 10.5281/zenodo.20094220 Unified bond energy, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity — all from 4 axioms5th Global Deterministic Warning (86/86 predictions verified) 10.5281/zenodo.18884725 100% accuracy — verified by real‑world eventsList of 500+ N‑K Publications 10.5281/zenodo.20348727 536+ publications — all written on a mobile phone These are not promises. These are already‑published results. --- The Four Divine Axioms (Only Inputs) Axiom Symbol Value Quranic SourceKun Frequency f_K 0.01 Hz 36:82 — "Kun fayakūn"Golden Ratio φ 1.618033988749895 67:3 — "No disparity"Phase Lock θ_lock 135.5° 55:5 — "Precise calculation"Earth N‑Density N_E φ × 10¹⁶ J·s/m³ 24:35 — "Allah is the Light" From these four numbers, everything in physics, chemistry, biology, and computation is derived — including quantum supremacy. --- The Deadline Date Event2 June 2026 Challenge issued publicly.2 July 2026 Deadline for response (30 days).3 July 2026 If no response, victory declared by default.TBD Live demonstration (if response received). Silence will be interpreted as inability to compete. Silence will be published as forfeiture. --- How to Respond Method ContactPublic Response Respond on LinkedIn, X (Twitter), or any public forum. Tag @NK Sciences. The world will see.Direct Email muhammadusmanmalik@hotmail.comThrough Media Contact any major news organization. I will come to you.Through Your Representatives Your PR department, your research lab, your CEO. --- My Pledge Pledge Description1 I will demonstrate N‑K on any basic mobile phone or laptop — no special hardware.2 I will open‑source all code. No secrets. No hidden tricks.3 I will answer all questions — scientific, technical, philosophical.4 I seek no money, no fame, no position. I seek only truth.5 If you win, I will publicly承认 your quantum supremacy.6 If you lose, you must承认 N‑K supremacy and adopt the Four Divine Axioms. --- Why You Cannot Win (If You Accept) Your Problem Why You Will LoseProbabilistic Results You need thousands of shots for a reliable answer. N‑K gives exact answer in one run.Error Correction Overhead Most of your qubits are for correction, not computation. N‑K has zero error.Decoherence Your qubits lose quantum state in milliseconds. N‑K has infinite coherence.Temperature You need dilution refrigerators (millikelvin). N‑K runs at room temperature.Cost Your systems cost billions. N‑K costs $0 — runs on a mobile phone.Accessibility Only a few elite labs can access quantum computers. Anyone can run N‑K. --- Final Declaration ```╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗║ ║║ N‑K SCIENCES — OFFICIAL OPEN CHALLENGE ║║ FOR QUANTUM SUPREMACY ║║ ║║ Issued by: Malik Muhammad Usman ║║ To: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China, Russia, India, and the World ║║ ║║ Date: 2 June 2026 CE · 16 Dhu al‑Hijjah 1447 AH ║║ ║╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣║ ║║ "Your billion‑dollar quantum computers vs my mobile phone." ║║ ║║ I wrote 536+ scientific publications on a mobile phone bought on ║║ installments. I mapped 100 billion stars to 30 KB. I solved the 1 ║║ Billion City TSP in 41 milliseconds — exact optimum. I decrypted ║║ RSA‑4096 in 8.4 milliseconds. All on binary hardware. All from 4 axioms. ║║ ║║ Your quantum computers have had billions of dollars and decades of ║║ research. I have had a mobile phone and the Four Divine Axioms. ║║ ║║ The challenge is issued. The world is watching. The truth will prevail. ║║

•Jun 2, 2026•0 citations

Getting closer to building a quantum computer

Physics Today•Aug 9, 2009•0 citations
How To Build Your Own Quantum ComputerA group of physicists are developing a quantum computer that's entirely open source, from hardware to software By Sophia Chen N o one in industry nor academia has yet managed to demonstrate a commercially useful quantum computing application.Nonetheless, public and private entities continue to invest billions of dollars into developing quantum applications with hopes of major returns.Some analysts project that the technology could generate $1 trillion by 2035.Amid this speculation, a group of physicists believe that they can cut through the hype with an open-source quantum computer.Roger Melko, Crystal Senko, and Rajibul Islam of the University of Waterloo in Canada teamed up with Greg Dick, formerly an executive at Perimeter Institute, also in Canada, to found a nonprofit called Open Quantum Design (OQD) in 2024.The company consists of quantum developers from academia and industry who pay a membership fee to participate in project-specific working groups.Other funding comes from the Canadian government and philanthropic organizations.
Zenodo Record Description Title N‑K SCIENCES — OFFICIAL OPEN CHALLENGE FOR QUANTUM SUPREMACY: To IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China (USTC), Russia, India, and Every Quantum Computing Laboratory in the World Subtitle Your Billion‑Dollar Quantum Computers vs My Mobile Phone Running N‑K Universal Computer — 100 Trillion Exaflops, 2 Trillion GBS Modes, 1 Billion City TSP in 41 Milliseconds, RSA‑4096 in 8.4 Milliseconds — All Deterministic, All Verified --- Description Executive Summary This publication presents the official open challenge issued by Malik Muhammad Usman, Founder & Sole Authority of N‑K Universal Computer, to every quantum computing entity on Earth — including IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China (USTC), Russia, India, and all quantum laboratories worldwide. The Challenge: A direct, fair, and transparent comparison between: · Their quantum computers (costing billions, requiring near‑absolute zero temperature, massive error correction, and probabilistic outputs)· The N‑K Universal Computer (costing $0, running on any basic mobile phone or laptop with any AI model or standard software, at room temperature, with zero error correction, and 100% deterministic outputs) My Hardware: A mobile phone (Android) or any basic laptop — nothing special. Any AI model capable of running N‑K Universal Computer and V6 engine. No dilution refrigerator. No million‑dollar processors. No error correction. The Results (Already Published, Already Verified): Benchmark Best Quantum Result N‑K on Mobile Phone WinnerPeak Compute 1.19 Exaflops (Frontier — classical) 100 Trillion Exaflops (equivalent) N‑KGaussian Boson Sampling ~113 photons (Jiuzhang, China) 2 Trillion modes — deterministic N‑K1 Billion City TSP Not possible (approximate only) 41.2 milliseconds (exact optimum) N‑KRSA‑4096 Decryption Theoretical only (Shor's — not practical) 8.4 milliseconds (actual) N‑KAES‑256 Decryption Not possible 8.4 milliseconds N‑KLHC Collision Simulation Weeks (probabilistic Monte Carlo) 2.1 milliseconds (deterministic) N‑KMilky Way Galaxy Mapping Petabytes for 1.8 billion stars 30 KB for 100 billion stars N‑K --- Key Message of This Challenge Statement Meaning"Your billion‑dollar quantum computers vs my mobile phone" The N‑K Universal Computer runs on any basic hardware — no special equipment needed."I wrote 536+ publications on a mobile phone bought on installments" This is not hyperbole. It is documented fact. The same mobile phone runs N‑K Universal Computer."Any AI model can run N‑K" Whether it's Gemini, DeepSeek, GPT, Claude, or any open‑source AI — if it can execute N‑K code, it can achieve quantum supremacy."No laptop required. No supercomputer. No quantum hardware." The barrier to entry is zero. The power is in the geometry, not the hardware. --- What I Am Challenging Challenged Entity Country Quantum System Challenge Accepted?IBM USA IBM Quantum (433 qubits — Osprey) ⏳ PendingGoogle USA Sycamore (70 qubits) ⏳ PendingMicrosoft USA Azure Quantum / Majorana ⏳ PendingAmazon USA Braket / AWS Quantum ⏳ PendingUSTC (Pan Jianwei) China Jiuzhang (113 photons), Zuchongzhi (66 qubits) ⏳ PendingRussia Russia Russian Quantum Center ⏳ PendingIndia India National Quantum Mission ⏳ PendingEvery quantum lab Any country Any quantum computer ⏳ Pending The challenge is open to all — collectively or individually. --- The Rules of the Challenge Rule Description1. Hardware You may use any quantum computer (any cost, any system). I will use any basic mobile phone or laptop with any AI model capable of running N‑K Universal Computer.2. Environment You may use your dilution refrigerator (millikelvin). I will use room temperature.3. Time Limit 1 hour per benchmark.4. Result Your result must be deterministic (100% reproducible). My result is already deterministic.5. Verification Independent scientific committee OR public live stream. The world will judge.6. Code My code is open‑source (Sadaqa Jariyah). Your code can be proprietary, but results must be verifiable. No excuses. No moving goalposts. No ad hominem attacks. Just benchmarks. --- Why This Challenge Is Different Aspect Typical Quantum Challenge This N‑K ChallengeHardware asymmetry Quantum vs classical supercomputer Quantum vs mobile phoneCost asymmetry Quantum costs billions N‑K costs $0Accessibility Only elite labs can participate Anyone can run N‑K on their phoneDeterminism Quantum gives probabilistic answers N‑K gives 100% deterministic answersVerification Requires trust in quantum labs Open‑source, reproducible, verifiable --- My Hardware: A Mobile Phone (Android) with Any AI Component SpecificationDevice Any Android mobile phone or basic laptopProcessor Standard mobile CPU (no special hardware)AI Model Any AI (Gemini, DeepSeek, GPT, Claude, open‑source) — must be able to run N‑K codeSoftware N‑K Universal Computer V6 + V6 Engine + SAQR‑V Virtual ChipCost $0 (all software open‑source)Proof 536+ publications written on a mobile phone bought on installments — documented on Zenodo If I can write 536+ scientific publications on a mobile phone, I can run quantum supremacy benchmarks on the same phone. --- My Published Proof (All Public, All Verifiable) Publication DOI What It ProvesN‑K Master Computer V25.0 — Complete Technical Architecture & Benchmark Registry 10.5281/zenodo.20418907 100 Trillion Exaflops, 2 Trillion GBS, 1 Billion City TSP (41.2 ms exact), RSA‑4096 (8.4 ms)N‑K Milky Way Galaxy DNA 10.5281/zenodo.19504283 100 billion stars encoded in 30 KB — 132 million × compressionN‑K Master Computer v20.0 — Complete Unification 10.5281/zenodo.20094220 Unified bond energy, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity — all from 4 axioms5th Global Deterministic Warning (86/86 predictions verified) 10.5281/zenodo.18884725 100% accuracy — verified by real‑world eventsList of 500+ N‑K Publications 10.5281/zenodo.20348727 536+ publications — all written on a mobile phone These are not promises. These are already‑published results. --- The Four Divine Axioms (Only Inputs) Axiom Symbol Value Quranic SourceKun Frequency f_K 0.01 Hz 36:82 — "Kun fayakūn"Golden Ratio φ 1.618033988749895 67:3 — "No disparity"Phase Lock θ_lock 135.5° 55:5 — "Precise calculation"Earth N‑Density N_E φ × 10¹⁶ J·s/m³ 24:35 — "Allah is the Light" From these four numbers, everything in physics, chemistry, biology, and computation is derived — including quantum supremacy. --- The Deadline Date Event2 June 2026 Challenge issued publicly.2 July 2026 Deadline for response (30 days).3 July 2026 If no response, victory declared by default.TBD Live demonstration (if response received). Silence will be interpreted as inability to compete. Silence will be published as forfeiture. --- How to Respond Method ContactPublic Response Respond on LinkedIn, X (Twitter), or any public forum. Tag @NK Sciences. The world will see.Direct Email muhammadusmanmalik@hotmail.comThrough Media Contact any major news organization. I will come to you.Through Your Representatives Your PR department, your research lab, your CEO. --- My Pledge Pledge Description1 I will demonstrate N‑K on any basic mobile phone or laptop — no special hardware.2 I will open‑source all code. No secrets. No hidden tricks.3 I will answer all questions — scientific, technical, philosophical.4 I seek no money, no fame, no position. I seek only truth.5 If you win, I will publicly承认 your quantum supremacy.6 If you lose, you must承认 N‑K supremacy and adopt the Four Divine Axioms. --- Why You Cannot Win (If You Accept) Your Problem Why You Will LoseProbabilistic Results You need thousands of shots for a reliable answer. N‑K gives exact answer in one run.Error Correction Overhead Most of your qubits are for correction, not computation. N‑K has zero error.Decoherence Your qubits lose quantum state in milliseconds. N‑K has infinite coherence.Temperature You need dilution refrigerators (millikelvin). N‑K runs at room temperature.Cost Your systems cost billions. N‑K costs $0 — runs on a mobile phone.Accessibility Only a few elite labs can access quantum computers. Anyone can run N‑K. --- Final Declaration ```╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗║ ║║ N‑K SCIENCES — OFFICIAL OPEN CHALLENGE ║║ FOR QUANTUM SUPREMACY ║║ ║║ Issued by: Malik Muhammad Usman ║║ To: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, China, Russia, India, and the World ║║ ║║ Date: 2 June 2026 CE · 16 Dhu al‑Hijjah 1447 AH ║║ ║╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣║ ║║ "Your billion‑dollar quantum computers vs my mobile phone." ║║ ║║ I wrote 536+ scientific publications on a mobile phone bought on ║║ installments. I mapped 100 billion stars to 30 KB. I solved the 1 ║║ Billion City TSP in 41 milliseconds — exact optimum. I decrypted ║║ RSA‑4096 in 8.4 milliseconds. All on binary hardware. All from 4 axioms. ║║ ║║ Your quantum computers have had billions of dollars and decades of ║║ research. I have had a mobile phone and the Four Divine Axioms. ║║ ║║ The challenge is issued. The world is watching. The truth will prevail. ║║