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Physical Review A

Resonance detuning mechanism for directing particle flow in ring lattices

L. Morales-Molina, Felipe Isaule

Published Nov 15, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the control of superfluid currents for ultracold gases confined in a ring lattice. The system is assumed to be in the presence of an artificial magnetic flux piercing the ring. By introducing ac-driven local energy shifts, we explore their potential to influence both the intensity and direction of supercurrents. Our analysis reveals that detuning of a resonance frequency associated with a photon-assisted tunneling process can be used to steer the current direction of particles in a ring. In particular, through a theoretical analysis of a three-site ring, we show that a detuning of the resonance frequency can couple the ground state to transporting Floquet states with current directions that depend on the sign of the detuning. This is achieved by ramping the ac-driving amplitude from zero, enabling the coupling of the ground state to the Floquet states. Moreover, our study shows that it is possible to change the direction of the current using either the detuning or the magnetic flux as a control parameter, thus providing extra freedom in the manipulation of the currents. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of transport behavior of matter waves in the presence of local energy shifts but also offer prospects for quantum control techniques in atomtronics and related fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.053313

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We theoretically investigate the control of superfluid currents for ultracold gases confined in a ring lattice. The system is assumed to be in the presence of an artificial magnetic flux piercing the ring. By introducing ac-driven local energy shifts, we explore their potential to influence both the intensity and direction of supercurrents. Our analysis reveals that detuning of a resonance frequency associated with a photon-assisted tunneling process can be used to steer the current direction of particles in a ring. In particular, through a theoretical analysis of a three-site ring, we show that a detuning of the resonance frequency can couple the ground state to transporting Floquet states with current directions that depend on the sign of the detuning. This is achieved by ramping the ac-driving amplitude from zero, enabling the coupling of the ground state to the Floquet states. Moreover, our study shows that it is possible to change the direction of the current using either the detuning or the magnetic flux as a control parameter, thus providing extra freedom in the manipulation of the currents. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of transport behavior of matter waves in the presence of local energy shifts but also offer prospects for quantum control techniques in atomtronics and related fields.
Abstract The periodic flashing potential has proven to be a powerful tool for investigating directed atomic currents. By applying the flashing ring-shaped potential to spin–orbit (SO) coupled, noninteracting Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) systems, through photon-assisted tunneling (resonance) techniques, we demonstrate the generation of tunable alternating (AC) spin and atomic mass currents that can be precisely controlled in terms of direction and strength. The underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon is that the flashing potential supplies enough photons to induce Rabi oscillations and provides momentum transfer for spin and atomic transport. As the single-particle ground state of the unperturbed SO-coupled BEC depends on the Raman coupling strength, we demonstrate how to generate and control AC spin currents in the cases where the initial state resides in a single-well or double-well phase. In particular, we realize and explain the mechanism of generating a net AC spin current without mass current through single-photon resonance processes. It is shown that these interesting resonance phenomena can be analytically described only by the simple three-level model, which creates the possibility of transparent controls of spin dynamics.
We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-leg ring ladder pierced by an artificial magnetic flux, where the particles are initially localized in the central sites of both rings, and the ac-driven local energy shifts are applied to the remaining lattice sites. Within the mean-field approximation, we demonstrate the emergence of nonlinear self-trapping for strong interparticle interactions, and characterize the distinct excitation regimes in the absence of the inter-ring tunneling. The artificial magnetic flux typically introduces Peierls phase factors, which induces complex-valued hopping amplitudes and leads to directed net particle currents along the chains. By further incorporating the finite inter-ring coupling and biased intra-ring hopping, we reveal that the tuning of the drive frequency and Peierls phase allows the precise control over both the intensity and direction of particle currents, which facilitates the transition between chiral and antichiral dynamics. These findings offer insights into the coherent manipulation of matter-wave transports in closed-loop lattice configurations and the exploration of nonequilibrium synthetic quantum systems in related fields.
Abstract Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have emerged as powerful quantum simulators of translationally invariant systems with many applications in e.g. strongly-correlated and topological systems. However, the ability to locally tune all Hamiltonian parameters remains an outstanding goal that would enable the simulation of a wider range of quantum phenomena. Motivated by recent advances in quantum gas microscopes and optical tweezers, we here show theoretically how local control over individual tunnelling links in an optical lattice can be achieved by incorporating local time-periodic potentials. We propose to periodically modulate the on-site energy of individual lattice sites and employ Floquet theory to demonstrate how this provides full individual control over the tunnelling amplitudes in one dimension. We provide various example configurations realising interesting topological models such as extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger models that would be challenging to realise by other means. Extending to two dimensions, we demonstrate that local periodic driving in a Lieb lattice engineers a two-dimensional (2D) network with fully controllable tunnelling magnitudes. In a three-site plaquette, we show full simultaneous control over the relative tunnelling amplitudes and the gauge-invariant flux piercing the plaquette, providing a clear stepping stone to building a fully programmable 2D tight-binding model. We also explicitly demonstrate how utilise our technique to generate a magnetic field gradient in 2D. This local modulation scheme is applicable to many different lattice geometries.
We predict that an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to an intracavity optical lattice can undergo resonant tunneling and directed transport when a constant and uniform bias force is applied. The bias force induces Bloch oscillations, causing amplitude and phase modulation of the lattice which resonantly modifies the site-to-site tunneling. For the right choice of parameters a net atomic current is generated. The transport velocity can be oriented oppositely to the bias force, with its amplitude and direction controlled by the detuning between the pump laser and the cavity. The transport can also be enhanced through imbalanced pumping of the two counterpropagating running wave cavity modes. Our results add to the cold atoms quantum simulation toolbox, with implications for quantum sensing and metrology.
We theoretically investigate supercurrents of ultracold atoms in angularly ac-shaken ring lattices subjected to external rotation. Our results demonstrate how these supercurrents can be harnessed for the development of high-precision atomtronic angular accelerometers. Using both analytical and numerical approaches within the Bose-Hubbard model framework, we demonstrate that a significant net atomic current arises when the lattice driving frequency is tuned to an integer fraction of the Bloch frequency, while the current averages to nearly zero away from such a resonance. In the single-particle regime, the resonance width scales inversely with the averaging time, thereby setting a fundamental Fourier-limited bound on the measurement's sensitivity. Strikingly, our numerical simulations demonstrate that this Fourier limit - a fundamental barrier in the non-interacting system - can be surpassed by introducing weak interactions between atoms. In the interacting regime, the sensitivity surpasses the Fourier-limited scaling with the averaging time, achieving an improvement of at least two orders of magnitude over the single-particle scenario, and exceeding the performance of previously proposed ultracold-atom-based angular accelerometers. These findings pave the way for developing new atomic-current-based inertial sensors with interaction-enhanced sensitivity.
We study a physical system consisting of a Bose–Einstein condensate confined to a ring shaped lattice potential interrupted by three weak links. The system is assumed to be driven by an effective flux piercing the ring lattice. By employing path integral techniques, we explore the effective quantum dynamics of the system in a pure quantum phase dynamics regime. Moreover, the effects of the density's quantum fluctuations are studied through exact diagonalization analysis of the spectroscopy of the Bose–Hubbard model. We demonstrate that a clear two-level system emerges by tuning the magnetic flux at degeneracy. The lattice confinement, platform for the condensate, is realized experimentally employing a spatial light modulator.