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SPIE Quantum Technologies for Defence and Security

Exploiting separation-dependent coherence to boost optical resolution

Ilya Karuseichyk, Giacomo Sorelli, Vyacheslav Shatokhin, Mattia Walschaers, Nicolas Treps

Published Nov 15, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of resolving pointlike light sources not only serves as a benchmark for optical resolution but also holds various practical applications ranging from microscopy to astronomy. In this study, we aim to resolve two thermal sources sharing arbitrary mutual coherence using the spatial mode demultiplexing technique. Our analytical moment-based approach covers scenarios where the coherence and the emission rate of the sources depend on the separation between them, and is not limited to the Poissonian approximation. Studying the examples of the interactive dipoles imaging and imaging of the reflective particles under external illumination, we demonstrate that separation-dependent coherence, which arises in this scenario, can significantly enhance optical resolution. We show that this effect is robust in the presence of the emitters dephasing and detection noise.

DOI
10.1117/12.3033588

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The problem of resolving pointlike light sources not only serves as a benchmark for optical resolution but also holds various practical applications ranging from microscopy to astronomy. In this study, we aim to resolve two thermal sources sharing arbitrary mutual coherence using the spatial mode demultiplexing technique. Our analytical moment-based approach covers scenarios where the coherence and the emission rate of the sources depend on the separation between them, and is not limited to the Poissonian approximation. Studying the examples of the interactive dipoles imaging and imaging of the reflective particles under external illumination, we demonstrate that separation-dependent coherence, which arises in this scenario, can significantly enhance optical resolution. We show that this effect is robust in the presence of the emitters dephasing and detection noise.
The problem of resolving pointlike light sources not only serves as a benchmark for optical resolution but also holds various practical applications ranging from microscopy to astronomy. In this paper, we aim to resolve two thermal sources sharing arbitrary mutual coherence using the spatial mode demultiplexing technique. Our analytical study includes scenarios where the coherence and the emission rate depend on the separation between the sources, and is not limited to the faint sources limit. We consider the fluorescence of two interacting dipoles to demonstrate that the dependence of emission characteristics on the parameter of interest can boost the sensitivity of the estimation and noticeably prolong the duration of information decay.
The problem of resolving point-like light sources not only serves as a benchmark for optical resolution but also holds various practical applications ranging from microscopy to astronomy. In this research, we aim to resolve two thermal sources sharing arbitrary mutual coherence using the spatial mode demultiplexing technique. Our analytical study includes scenarios where the coherence and the emission rate depend on the separation between the sources, and is not limited to the faint sources limit. We consider the fluorescence of two interacting dipoles to demonstrate that the dependence of emission characteristics on the parameter of interest can boost the sensitivity of the estimation and noticeably prolong the duration of information decay.
Resolving light sources below the diffraction limit is a fundamental task both for astronomy and microscopy. Several recent works, analysed this problem through the lens of quantum parameter estimation theory and proved that the separation between two point sources can be estimated at the quantum limit using intensity measurements after spatial-mode demultiplexing. However, most previous works have either consider low-intensity, or thermal sources. To broaden the applicability of this approach, it is important to extend these results to more general light sources. To this goal, we will present an analytical expression for the Quantum Fisher Information, determining the ultimate resolution limit, for the separation between two sources in an arbitrary Gaussian state. Applying this result to different quantum states, we can shine some light on some relevant questions. We can for example explore the role of partial coherence considering displaced and correlated thermal states, or investigate the importance of quantum correlations by considering squeezed light. In addition to the ultimate quantum limit, we will discuss a simple estimation technique, requiring access only to the mean value of a linear combination of demultiplexed intensity measurements, which is often sufficient to saturate these limits, and can easily be adapted to incorporate the most common noise sources. Finally, we will present our experimental setup that allows for the generation of the images of two sources with different photon statistics, as well as for spatial mode demultiplexing and we will discuss the first practical implementations if the above mentioned estimation techniques.
Resolving light sources below the diffraction limit is a fundamental task both for astronomy and microscopy. Several recent works analysed this problem through the lens of quantum parameter estimation theory and proved that the separation between two point sources can be estimated at the quantum limit using intensity measurements after spatial-mode demultiplexing. We implement this technique and provide an optimal estimator based on a linear combination of demultiplexed intensity measurements [1]–[3]. Our experimental setup (see Fig. 1 (left)) allows for the generation of the images of two sources, with tunable mutual coherence, as well as for spatial mode demultiplexing to estimate their separation [4].
Resolving light sources below the diffraction limit is a fundamental task both for astronomy and microscopy. Several recent works analysed this problem through the lens of quantum parameter estimation theory and proved that the separation between two point sources can be estimated at the quantum limit using intensity measurements after spatial-mode demultiplexing. We implement this technique and provide an optimal estimator based on a linear combination of demultiplexed intensity measurements [1–3]. Our experimental setup allows for the generation of the images of two sources, with tunable mutual coherence, as well as for spatial mode demultiplexing to estimate their separation [4].
We investigate the resolution for imaging two pointlike entangled sources by using the method of moments and spatial-mode demultiplexing, where the pointlike entangled sources can be generated by injecting single-mode sources with arbitrary quantum statistics distribution into an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We demonstrate that the separation estimation sensitivity is mainly determined by the photon distribution in each detected mode and it can be enhanced by either increasing the squeezed parameter of the OPA or eliminating the relative phase difference of the entangled sources. Furthermore, in the limiting case of infinitely small source separation, the usage of entangled sources can have better resolution than those using incoherent and coherent sources. The results here can find important applications for quantum super-resolution imaging and quantum metrology.