Quantum computing is a revolution in computational theory that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations that are beyond the capacity of classical computers. It works with the special features of the quantum bits or qubits to encode and transform the information in manners conventional bits cannot imagine. A quantum compiler is a software tool designed to translate high-level quantum language code into executable quantum instructions. This paper aims to develop a quantum compiler for translating Quantum Computation Language source codes into quantum bytecodes which can later be executed on a Quantum Virtual Machine. This compiler will have a combinational structure that includes a frontend for interpreting the QCL code, an intermediate representation for optimizing quantum algorithms, and a backend for generating efficient quantum bytecode. Optimization techniques will be applied to improve the functioning of the quantum circuits. The compiler will also include an error handling module to handle the errors. The successful deployment of a quantum compiler for QCL has many implications and unlocks opportunities for advancements in quantum technologies.
Quantum computing is a revolution in computational theory that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations that are beyond the capacity of classical computers. It works with the special features of the quantum bits or qubits to encode and transform the information in manners conventional bits cannot imagine. A quantum compiler is a software tool designed to translate high-level quantum language code into executable quantum instructions. This paper aims to develop a quantum compiler for translating Quantum Computation Language source codes into quantum bytecodes which can later be executed on a Quantum Virtual Machine. This compiler will have a combinational structure that includes a frontend for interpreting the QCL code, an intermediate representation for optimizing quantum algorithms, and a backend for generating efficient quantum bytecode. Optimization techniques will be applied to improve the functioning of the quantum circuits. The compiler will also include an error handling module to handle the errors. The successful deployment of a quantum compiler for QCL has many implications and unlocks opportunities for advancements in quantum technologies.
Quantum computing holds transformative potential, but its adoption is hindered by the complexity of generating efficient, hardware-specific code. This work presents a modular, extensible compiler framework that bridges high-level quantum languages with diverse hardware architectures. The framework consists of three modules: a front-end for parsing quantum code into a hardware-agnostic intermediate representation (IR), an optimization module for enhancing quantum circuits through gate synthesis, qubit routing, and error mitigation, and a back-end for generating hardware-specific instructions. Major contributions include a hardware-agnostic IR for cross-platform compatibility, optimization techniques to reduce gate complexity and noise, and hardware-specific adaptations to improve execution fidelity. A practical demonstration optimizes quantum circuits, highlighting the impact of hardware constraints. Comparative analysis of IBM Quantum and IonQ platforms underscores the role of qubit connectivity and noise resilience in algorithmic performance. This scalable framework enhances quantum software development and efficient hardware utilization.
This paper proposes and details the design of a novel quantum computing compiler, termed a Physics-Based Quantum Computing Compiler (PBQCC). The core innovation lies in automating the process of quantum algorithm generation by directly translating physical laws – specifically, quantum mechanical equations – into executable quantum circuits. Traditional quantum algorithm design relies heavily on manual coding, a process prone to human error and limited by the designer's expertise. The PBQCC utilizes a formal language and symbolic deduction to achieve this automation. The compiler takes a high-level description of a physical system and its desired manipulation (expressed within a physics-based framework) as input, and then generates an optimized quantum circuit that embodies the solution. This approach fundamentally shifts the paradigm from algorithm design to physics-driven computation, offering the potential for significantly increased efficiency, scalability, and accessibility within the quantum computing domain. The compiler incorporates optimization techniques and validation steps to ensure the fidelity and correctness of the generated quantum circuits. This document outlines the architecture, key components, and operational principles of the PBQCC, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize quantum algorithm development. ---
The recent times of fast development of quantum computers has been followed by many researchers who want to run the larger and more difficult quantum algorithms on it and they have promised such speedup several times. Notwithstanding this, commercial quantum computers are currently fraught with instability and errors. This paper is centered on development of the customized compiler for quantum computing with aid of Qiskit Terra, a QIS framework. We target central classes such as circuit representation structures, programming techniques based on OpenQASM, challenges in the QC architecture, high-level routing optimization, and the structure of the Qiskit Terra compiler. In every circuit, the optimization is provided by methods of Qiskit Terra, including Trivial Layout, Noise Adaptive Layout, Dense Layout, and Custom Layout. These optimization levels address many problems that emerge when circuits are being compiled and executed, and thus, the optimization levels seek to boost circuit efficiency, reduce the count of gates, and enhance the overall performance. The introduction of numerous optimization passes starting from unroller passes that translate gates, the layout passes that map virtual to physical qubits, and the optimization algorithm aimed at the runtime reduction. Modern quantum compilation technologies are being currently developed based on economic (and theoretical) analyses to underpin the investigation and development of optimal quantum computation procedures.
With the potential of quantum algorithms to solve intractable classical problems, quantum computing is rapidly evolving, and more algorithms are being developed and optimized. Expressing these quantum algorithms using a high-level language and making them executable on a quantum processor while abstracting away hardware details is a challenging task. First, a quantum programming language should provide an intuitive programming interface to describe those algorithms. Then a compiler has to transform the program into a quantum circuit, optimize it, and map it to the target quantum processor respecting the hardware constraints such as the supported quantum operations, the qubit connectivity, and the control electronics limitations. In this article, we propose a quantum programming framework named OpenQL, which includes a high-level quantum programming language and its associated quantum compiler. We present the programming interface of OpenQL, we describe the different layers of the compiler and how we can provide portability over different qubit technologies. Our experiments show that OpenQL allows the execution of the same high-level algorithm on two different qubit technologies, namely superconducting qubits and Si-Spin qubits. Besides the executable code, OpenQL also produces an intermediate quantum assembly code, which is technology independent and can be simulated using the QX simulator.
Traditional compiler optimization focuses on maximizing performance within the constraints of classical architectures. However, quantum computing presents a fundamentally different paradigm, demanding a new approach to software optimization. This paper proposes a hardware-aware compiler optimization technique, inspired by quantum computing principles, to bridge the gap between high-level programming languages and the specific characteristics of quantum hardware. The core idea is to translate high-level code into quantum circuits while explicitly considering factors like qubit connectivity, gate fidelity, and decoherence. This approach allows for optimization strategies tailored to the unique limitations and opportunities of quantum devices, potentially leading to significant performance improvements compared to generic quantum compilation methods. The compiler operates by analyzing the algorithmic complexity, identifying quantum-native operations, and strategically mapping them onto the available quantum hardware, thereby minimizing the impact of hardware constraints. This paper outlines the framework, key components, and potential optimizations within this hardware-aware compiler.
Practical realizations of quantum computers are poised to deliver outstanding computational capabilities far beyond the reach of any classical supercomputer. While classical systems are reliably implemented using CMOS technology, the fabrication of quantum hardware has not yet reached a commercially viable level of maturity. Nowadays, many different technologies are being developed as competing candidates to build the first error-corrected quantum computer. Among the software resources required to operate such a system, quantum compilers translate a high-level description of a quantum algorithm into low-level, technology-dependent quantum instructions. Many quantum algorithms, including Shor's and Grover's algorithms, require to compute some classical logic functions on the quantum computer. The first part of this thesis deals with the problem of compiling quantum circuits that perform such classical Boolean functions, called oracles, into a fault-tolerant set of instructions. Oracle circuits often demand many resources in terms of the number of qubits and gates. The focus is on compiling quantum circuits starting from multi-level logic networks representing large Boolean functions while minimizing the resource footprint of the obtained quantum circuits. At the same time, the trade-off between memory resources and the number of operations typical of such a compilation process is explored. As part of the effort in reducing the resources required to perform a given quantum program, I also present some quantum circuit optimization techniques. The researched algorithms leverage data structures and techniques borrowed and adapted from classical logic synthesis, e.g., SAT solvers, LUT mapping, and multi-level logic networks. I implemented all the compilation algorithms presented in this thesis as part of open-source projects. In particular, I develop and maintain caterpillar---a C++ header-only library dedicated to the quantum compilation of oracles and quantum memory management. The second part of this thesis describes how to equip quantum programming language compilers with automatic accuracy management. Despite the availability of many of such languages, resource estimation of quantum algorithms does not yet support taking approximation errors into account. This general methodology is applicable to any programming language and I demonstrate its integration into the Q# compiler. The technique consists of providing language support to ease the accuracy-aware programming task. The user can define accuracy parameters that will be automatically optimized according to a constraint and a cost function directly generated from the source code. In the presented practical evaluations, the constraint function is the overall allowed accuracy, while the cost function is application-dependent and related to the number of gates. During the optimization process, such functions are evaluated hundreds of times. For this reason, we extract them as (near-)symbolic expressions, whose evaluation time does not depend on the quantum algorithm size. The algorithms and the methodologies presented in this thesis are part of a widespread effort of the research community to build a complete and efficient software stack to program and control the first practical universal quantum computer.