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Revista Mexicana de Física

Wheeler-DeWitt canonical quantum gravity in hydrogenoid atoms according to de Broglie-Bohm and the geodesic hypothesis. Einstein’s Quantum Field Equation

Màrius Josep Fullana i Alfonso, G. Gómez i Blanch

Published Nov 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We explore the geodesic hypothesis of orbital trajectories of the electrons in hydrogenoid atoms, in the frame of de Broglie-Bohm quantum theory. It is intended that the space-time can be curved, at very short distances, by the effect of the joint action of the energy content of the atomic system and the contribution of the electric and quantum potentials. The geodesic hypothesis would explain the non-lose of energy in the electron orbital trajectories. So we explore a conception where particles and waves interact in a closed system: the waves guide the particles and the particles generate the spacetime perturbation that acts as a wave, beyond the pilot-wave theory. We establish the equivalence, in a local neighborhood, between the electron trajectory of an hydrogenoid atom in the Minkowskian space where the de Broglie-Bohm can be cast with its movement in a Lorentzian manifold, according to the concept of metric tangent. Through the geodesic condition and the invariance of the elemental length, we establish a relationship between some components of the metrics. But as the particles in microphysics do not follow the Einstein’s field equation, we consider the 3+1 decomposition according to ADM and the quantization in the Wheeler De Witt theory and with a so-called quantum Einstein field equation, with a decomposition of spacetime into three-dimensional sheets of a spatial character. Then we derive from the moment-energy tensor a further equation between the components of the metrics. It opens the avenue to characterize the metric by an exact solution of the Einstein’s field equations.

DOI
10.31349/revmexfis.70.060701

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We explore the geodesic hypothesis of orbital trajectories of the electrons in hydrogenoid atoms, in the frame of de Broglie-Bohm quantum theory. It is intended that the space-time can be curved, at very short distances, by the effect of the joint action of the energy content of the atomic system and the contribution of the electric and quantum potentials. The geodesic hypothesis would explain the non-lose of energy in the electron orbital trajectories. So we explore a conception where particles and waves interact in a closed system: the waves guide the particles and the particles generate the spacetime perturbation that acts as a wave, beyond the pilot-wave theory. We establish the equivalence, in a local neighborhood, between the electron trajectory of an hydrogenoid atom in the Minkowskian space where the de Broglie-Bohm can be cast with its movement in a Lorentzian manifold, according to the concept of metric tangent. Through the geodesic condition and the invariance of the elemental length, we establish a relationship between some components of the metrics. But as the particles in microphysics do not follow the Einstein’s field equation, we consider the 3+1 decomposition according to ADM and the quantization in the Wheeler De Witt theory and with a so-called quantum Einstein field equation, with a decomposition of spacetime into three-dimensional sheets of a spatial character. Then we derive from the moment-energy tensor a further equation between the components of the metrics. It opens the avenue to characterize the metric by an exact solution of the Einstein’s field equations.
In a previous paper [G.Gomez Blanch and M.J.Fullana, 2017] we dened, in the frame of a geometro-dynamic approach, a metric corresponding to a lorentzian spacetime were the electron stationary trajectories in an hydrogenoid atom, derived from the de Broglie-Bohm model, are geodesics. In this paper we want to complete this purpose: we will determinate the remaining relevant geometrical elements of that approach and we will calculate the energetic density component of the energy-momentum tensor. We will discuss the meaning of the obtained results and their relationship with other geometro-dynamic approaches.Furthermore, we will derive a more general relationship between the lorentzian metric tensor and the wave function for general stationary states. The electron description by the wave function ψ in the Euclidean space and time is shown equivalent to the description by a metric tensor in an lorentzian manifold. In our approach, the particle acquires a determining role over thewave function, in a similar manner as the wave function determines the movement of the particle. This dialectic approach overcomes the de Broglie-Bohm model. And furthermore, a non local element (the quantum potential) is introduced in the model, that therefore goes beyond the relativistic locality.
In this thesis the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation of quantum mechanics is applied to canonical quantum gravity. It is shown that, irrespective of any regularization or choice of factor ordering of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, the unique relevant quantum effect which does not break spacetime is the change of its signature from lorentzian to euclidean. The other quantum effects are either trivial or break the four-geometry of spacetime. A Bohm-de Broglie picture of quantum geometrodynamics is constructed, which allows the investigation of these latter structures. For instance, it is shown that any real solution of the Wheeler-De Witt equation yields a generate four-geometry compatible with the strong gravity limit of General Relativity and the Carroll group. We prove that quantum geometrodynamics in the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation is consistent for any quantum potential. As a previous step to introduce our metodology, we study the quantum theory of fields in Minkowski spacetime in the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation and exhibit a concrete example where Lorentz invariance of individual events is broken.
Abstract We derive the quantum Einstein equations (which are the quantum generalisation of the Einstein equations of classical gravity) from Bohmian quantum gravity. Bohmian quantum gravity is a non-classical geometrodynamics (in the ADM formalism) which describes the time evolution of a three-geometry and of a matter field (or other matter degrees of freedom) on a three manifold. The evolution is determined by a velocity law which is defined by the wave function. The wave function itself satisfies the Wheeler–DeWitt equation. We cast the Bohmian dynamics into the form of the Einstein field equations, where the interesting novelty is a contribution to the energy–momentum tensor that depends on the quantum potential.
Weintend to use the description oftheelectron orbital trajectory in the de Broglie-Bohm (dBB) theory to assimilate to a geodesiccorresponding to the General Relativity (GR) and get from itphysicalconclusions. ThedBBapproachindicatesustheexistenceof a non-local quantumfield (correspondingwiththequantumpotential), anelectromagneticfield and a comparativelyveryweakgravitatoryfield, togetherwith a translationkineticenergyofelectron. Ifweadmitthatthosefields and kineticenergy can deformthespace time, according to Einstein'sfield equations (and to avoidtheviolationoftheequivalenceprinciple as well), we can madethehypothesisthatthegeodesicsof this space-time deformation coincide withtheorbitsbelonging to thedBBapproach (hypothesisthat is coherentwiththestabilityofmatter). Fromit, we deduce a general equation that relates thecomponentsofthemetric tensor. Thenwe find anappropriatemetric for it, bymodificationofanexactsolutionofEinstein'sfield equations, whichcorresponds to dust in cylindricalsymmetry. Thefoundmodelproofs to be in agreementwiththebasicphysicalfeaturesofthehydrogenquantum system, particularlywiththeindependenceoftheelectronkineticmomentum in relationwiththeorbit radius. Moreover, themodel can be done Minkowski-like for a macroscopicshortdistancewith a convenientelectionof a constant. According to this approach, theguiding function ofthewaveontheparticlecould be identifiedwiththedeformationsofthespace-time and thestabilityofmatterwould be easilyjustifiedbythe null accelerationcorresponding to a geodesicorbit.
Understanding quantum theory in terms of a geometric picture sounds great. There are different approaches to this idea. Here we shall present a geometric picture of quantum theory using the de-Broglie--Bohm causal interpretation of quantum mechanics. We shall show that it is possible to understand the key character of de-Broglie--Bohm theory, the quantum potential, as the conformal degree of freedom of the space--time metric. In this way, gravity should give the causal structure of the space--time, while quantum phenomena determines the scale. Some toy models in terms of tensor and scalar--tensor theories will be presented. Then a few essential physical aspects of the idea including the effect on the black holes, the initial Big--Bang singularity and non locality are investigated. We shall formulate a quantum equivalence principle according to which gravitational effects can be removed by going to a freely falling frame while quantum effects can be eliminated by choosing an appropriate scale. And we shall see that the best framework for both quantum and gravity is Weyl geometry. Then we shall show how one can get the de-Broglie--Bohm quantum theory out of a Weyl covariant theory. Extension to the case of many particle systems and spinning particles is discussed at the end.
The de Broglie–Bohm theory allows us to have got a satisfactory geometrodynamic interpretation of quantum mechanics. The fundamental element, which creates a geometrodynamic picture of the quantum world in the non-relativistic domain, a relativistic curved space-time background, and the quantum gravity domain, is the quantum potential. It is shown that, in the non-relativistic domain, the geometrodynamic nature of the quantum potential followsfrom the fact that it is an information potential containing a space-like active information on the environment; the geometric properties of the space expressed by the quantum potential determine non-local correlations between subatomic particles. Moreover, in the de Broglie–Bohm theory in a curved space-time, it is shown that the quantum, as well as the gravitational, effects of matter have geometric nature and are highly related: the quantum potential can be interpreted as the conformal degree of freedom of the space-time metric, and its presence is equivalent to the curved space-time. It is shown on the basis of some recent research that, in quantum gravity, we have a generalized geometric unification of gravitational and quantum effects of matter; Bohm's interpretation shows that the form of a quantum potential and its relation to the conformal degree of freedom of the space-time metric can be derived from the equations of motion.