Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures, demands timely and accurate detection for effective management and patient safety. While traditional machine learning approaches have shown promise in seizure detection, this study explores the potential of quantum computing, specifically utilizing a Variational Quantum Classifier. The Variational Quantum Classifier, grounded in quantum mechanics, aims to enhance computational capabilities for seizure detection. Leveraging quantum computing’s intrinsic parallelism and superposition properties, the model focuses on processing complex and high-dimensional Electroencephalogram signals commonly used in epilepsy diagnosis. The model undergoes training on a dataset containing both seizure and non-seizure instances, optimizing parameters for increased accuracy. Performance evaluations utilize metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and overall classification accuracy.
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures, demands timely and accurate detection for effective management and patient safety. While traditional machine learning approaches have shown promise in seizure detection, this study explores the potential of quantum computing, specifically utilizing a Variational Quantum Classifier. The Variational Quantum Classifier, grounded in quantum mechanics, aims to enhance computational capabilities for seizure detection. Leveraging quantum computing’s intrinsic parallelism and superposition properties, the model focuses on processing complex and high-dimensional Electroencephalogram signals commonly used in epilepsy diagnosis. The model undergoes training on a dataset containing both seizure and non-seizure instances, optimizing parameters for increased accuracy. Performance evaluations utilize metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and overall classification accuracy.
Automated epileptic seizure detection from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings remains a challenging biomedical signal analysis task because of the nonlinear, non-stationary, and high-dimensional characteristics of neural activity. Although deep learning has substantially improved automated seizure classification, conventional architectures may exhibit limited capability in modeling complex latent feature interactions while maintaining computational efficiency in biomedical applications. This study presents an entanglement-driven hybrid quantum–classical representation learning framework that integrates Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)-based time–frequency analysis, EfficientNet-B0 feature extraction, quantum-compatible latent feature compression, angle-based quantum state encoding, and a customized four-qubit Variational Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) for EEG seizure classification. The proposed shallow variational quantum architecture is designed to facilitate expressive quantum feature learning while remaining compatible with the computational constraints of near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems. An experimental evaluation was conducted on a balanced subset of 4,000 EEG segments from the UCI Epileptic Seizure Recognition Dataset. Stratified five-fold cross-validation achieved a mean classification accuracy of 97.80% ± 1.50%, demonstrating consistent predictive performance and generalization across several data partitions. Furthermore, evaluation on an independent held-out test set yielded 99.50% accuracy, 99.03% precision, 100.00% recall, 99.51% F1-score, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 1.000. To comprehensively assess the proposed framework, additional investigations, including quantum circuit expressibility, barren plateau analysis, optimization trainability, latent feature-space separability, robustness evaluation, computational scalability, and patch-level quantum attention visualization, were performed, offering complementary evidence regarding representation quality, optimization stability, and model interpretability. Although the proposed framework is currently validated using classical quantum simulation, the results demonstrate the feasibility of hybrid quantum–classical representation learning for intelligent EEG seizure analysis and establish a foundation for future deployment on emerging quantum-computing platforms.
Epileptic seizures are significant challenges in a neurological environment primarily due to the non-stationary and complex nature of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In this paper, we present a Hybrid Quantum-Classical Neural Framework (HQCNF) that leverages quantum computing to support taxonomy of epilepsy seizures with deep neural learning. The framework applies a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to convert EEG recordings into a time-frequency representation deploying scalograms intended to rigorously scrutinize the features describing oscillations and other elements noted when seizures occur. The model presented in this paper is built from classical architecture and uses quantum-inspired neural layers to support providing the atomic feature representations in order to make sense of discriminability behavior and other elements of interpretable behavior in epistemology and learning. The HQCNF model achieves 99% classification accuracy and provides evidence of enhanced generalization, and outperforms typical deep learning models. The research supports the methodology of hybrid quantum-classical paradigms to move beyond a conventional computing biomedical signal analysis restriction, and the ability to examine infrastructure presented by HQCNF moves us toward real-time assessments and promotes further examination of efforts towards intelligent diagnostic methodologies utilized in neurological disorder management frameworks. The work focuses on the value of quantum-enhanced learning as it relates to EEG-based examination in epilepsy management, and makes advanced hybrid-learning implementations of quantum-enhanced learning that provides for more efficient and reliable accuracy in EEG-based examination of epilepsy signal processing.
This research evaluates the performance of classical and quantum machine learning models for epileptic seizure detection using the BONN and DELHI EEG datasets. The data pipeline includes a preprocessing step with feature extraction followed by multiple dimensionality reduction techniques. Seven quantum data encoding strategies (Phase, Angle, Dense Angle, Pauli Feature Map, Efficient SU2, Z Feature Map, and ZZ Feature Map) were evaluated to analyze their impact on the expressivity of quantum circuits and model performance. Classical models, including Decision Tree and Random Forest classifiers, consistently achieved high accuracy on the BONN and Delhi datasets, with performance exceeding 90\% across most dimensionality-reduction settings. Quantum models demonstrated competitive yet generally lower performance than classical baselines; however, certain combinations of encoding methods and dimensionality reduction techniques achieved the most promising results for both datasets. Overall, the study highlights the influence of encoding strategies and dataset characteristics on quantum machine learning performance and provides a comparative analysis that supports future optimization of quantum approaches for EEG-based seizure detection.
Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a powerful non-invasive modality for capturing millisecond-scale brain dynamics, yet traditional analysis pipelines often rely on hand-crafted features and classical models with limited ability to capture nonlinear dependencies. This study introduces Q-EEG, a novel quantum-enhanced computational framework for brain state classification. The proposed approach integrates classical pre-processing with quantum machine learning to exploit the representational capacity of quantum circuits. Raw EEG signals are first band-pass filtered into canonical rhythms—delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz), and gamma (30–100 Hz)—and artefact removal is performed using ICA. Average band powers are then computed via the PSD and assembled into feature vectors. These normalized features are embedded in quantum states via rotation gates, forming the initial input to a VQC. The VQC models cross-frequency relationships using parameterised rotating layers and entangling operations, with weights trained using hybrid classical–quantum training with the parameter-shift rule and gradient-based optimisers. The computational basis classifies via measurements and evaluates the framework on seizure-versus-non-seizure detection tasks. Compared to SVM and Random Forest, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are measured. Experimental results show that quantum-enhanced EEG analysis may capture complex brain patterns, enabling scalable, interpretable, and clinically useful diagnostic systems. This study shows that Q-EEG can bridge neuroscience with quantum computing, enabling clinical translation.
Recent years have witnessed a captivating convergence between quantum physics and machine learning, promising an unprecedented leap in computational capabilities to tackle intricate problems. This study immerses itself in the world of quantum-inspired machine learning algorithms, meticulously comparing two innovative approaches: the Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) and the Pegasos Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC). Focused on autism research, this exploration delves into these algorithms' ability to decipher complex patterns within the data. The Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) creatively employs quantum variational circuits, transforming input data into quantum states, offering a unique perspective on feature representation. Conversely, the Pegasos QSVC optimizes support vector machines efficiently, leveraging the principles of quantum computing. Through thorough experimentation and thoughtful analysis, this study assesses the algorithms' effectiveness in discerning autism from non-autism cases, considering aspects like accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability. The outcomes of this comparative analysis illuminate the strengths and limitations inherent in both algorithms within the realm of autism classification. Moreover, the study delves into the profound implications of quantum computing in healthcare, underscoring its potential for revolutionary advancements in comprehending and diagnosing complex neurological disorders. This research not only enriches the expanding knowledge at the crossroads of quantum physics and machine learning but also charts a course for future investigations into the realm of quantum-enhanced healthcare applications.
Early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer plays a critical role in improving patient survival rates and reducing treatment costs. Classical machine learning algorithms such as Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines (SVM) have demonstrated strong performance in medical diagnosis tasks; however, their scalability and representational limits motivate the exploration of emerging paradigms. Quantum Machine Learning (QML), particularly Variational Quantum Classifiers (VQC), has recently gained attention due to its potential to model complex decision boundaries using quantum circuits. This paper presents a comparative analysis between a Variational Quantum Classifier and classical machine learning models for binary breast cancer classification. The study employs dimensionality-reduced clinical data and evaluates model performance using accuracy, confusion matrices, decision boundary visualization, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Experimental results indicate that the VQC achieves competitive performance with classical approaches, demonstrating its feasibility for small-scale medical datasets and highlighting the promise of quantum-enhanced learning in healthcare applications.