Distributed Quantum Games

Boyang Liu, Hong‐Yi Dai, Ming Zhang

Norihito Toyota

Azhar Iqbal, A. H. Toor

Jiangfeng Du, Hui Li, Chenyong Ju

We investigate quantum games in which the information is asymmetrically distributed among the players and find that the possibility of the quantum game outperforming its classical counterpart depends strongly on not only the entanglement but also the informational asymmetry. What is more interesting, when the information distribution is asymmetric, is that the contradictive impact of the quantum entanglement on the profits is observed, which is not reported in quantum games of symmetric information.

Indrakshi Dey, Nicola Marchetti, Marcello Caleffi +1 more

Classical game theory is a powerful tool focusing on optimized resource distribution, allocation, and sharing in classical wired and wireless networks. As quantum networks are emerging as a means of providing true connectivity between quantum computers, it is imperative and crucial to exploit game theory for addressing challenges such as entanglement distribution and access, routing, topology extraction, and inference. Quantum networks provide the promising opportunity of employing quantum games owing to their inherent capability of generating and sharing quantum states. In addition, quantum games offer enhanced payoffs and winning probabilities, new strategies, and equilibria, which are unimaginable in classical games. Employing quantum game theory to solve fundamental challenges in quantum networks opens a new fundamental research direction necessitating inter-disciplinary efforts. In this article, we introduce a novel game-the-oretical framework for exploiting quantum strategies to solve – as an archetypal example – one of the key functionalities of a quantum network, namely, entanglement distribution. We compare quantum strategies with classical ones by showing the quantum advantages in terms of link fidelity improvement and latency decrease in communication. In the future, we will generalize our game framework to optimize entanglement distribution and access over any quantum network topology. We will also explore how quantum games can be leveraged to address other challenges like routing, optimization of quantum operations, and topology design.

Ming Zhang

The motivation of this talk is to investigate what quantum resources will bring about in our daily life. A kind of quantization for general bipartite games is first given and then applied to both the modified classical “cash in a hat” game and modified Prisoners Dilemma game with different distribution policies. It is shown that quantum entanglement can bring full cooperation with the help of fair distribution policies. It is further demonstrated that quantum networks will make possible playing quantum game between remote players. Two schemes are given to illustrate how to play distributed quantum games between two players on the nodes of quantum networks. In our opinion, it is a worthy research topic to investigate how quantum entanglement can be exploited to achieve full cooperation with equitable distribution polices.