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Cluster Computing

Quantum-safe blockchain-assisted data encryption protocol for internet of things networks

Sunil Prajapat, Neeraj Kumar, Ashok Kumar Das, Pankaj Kumar, Rifaqat Ali

Published Oct 14, 2024• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10586-024-04688-w

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The rapid proliferation of Consumer-Centric Internet of Things (CCIoT) devices has resulted in massive volumes of data being generated and transmitted across edge and cloud infrastructures. However, limited computational and memory resources, coupled with the vulnerabilities of open communication networks, expose CCIoT ecosystems to severe security threats. With the advent of quantum computing, traditional cryptographic schemes risk becoming obsolete, necessitating the integration of quantum cryptography into edge-assisted CCIoT protocols. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-enabled quantum-designated verifier signature protocol designed to ensure secure data transmission and storage within CCIoT networks. The protocol leverages a private blockchain, where peer nodes generate blocks from service-provider data, thereby enhancing confidentiality and integrity. Informal security verification and informal analysis confirm the robustness of the scheme against both classical and quantum adversaries. Extensive experiments, implemented in Python, evaluate the proposed quantum signature protocol theoretically and practically. The results demonstrate strong encryption performance, achieving a computational cost of 41.5 ms and communication overhead of 834 bits, outperforming recent benchmark schemes. The findings highlight the superior reliability, scalability, and efficiency of our approach, offering a viable quantum security solution for future CCIoT ecosystems.
The swift, secure transmission of data, especially sensitive data, such as that acquired from high-resolution image sensors, is a major focus of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Current strategies do not strike a balance between security and efficiency, causing messages to be lost and/or processing to be delayed to an unacceptable level. We present a new quantum-inspired quantum walk (Q-IQW) encryption protocol. The Q-IQW protocol is used to implement the first blockchain for the safe transfer of data between IIoT devices. For the first time, quantum hash functions based on Q-IQW are used to link blocks in a chain instead of traditional hash functions. The main contributions of the protocol are the efficient data transfer between IIoT nodes and the ability to fully control their data. This work focuses on simulating the protocol to understand the theoretical and empirical performance of the protocol. The results show that in terms of entropy of 7.99 and unified average changing intensity (UACI) of 33.56%, the protocol is very robust as evidenced by 99.58% number of pixel change rate (NPCR), and low correlation, i.e., the protocol exhibits very high security. Further, the protocol is reliable in that it can perfectly recover images under high distortion, for example, a 50% data occlusion in the encrypted images. These outcomes underscore the dependability, utility, and efficiency of the protocol in protecting IIoT information to make it a viable remedy for maintaining the integrity of the information during transfer and storage.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding swiftly, offering ease in everyday life. As the IoT systems produce enormous volumes of data, frequently encompassing private and confidential information, it is imperative to ensure their security. To ensure the security in IoT systems, we present a blockchain-enabled data encryption scheme utilizing quantum computing. This consensus mechanism eliminates the need for outside central service providers and encrypts data and accumulates converted cipher-text using consensus nodes acting as proxy service nodes. This approach alleviates the constraints associated with storing and sharing private encrypted information securely over a decentralized network. The suggested protocol possesses security attributes to counter replay attacks, side-channel attacks, Sybil attacks, and eavesdropping attacks, while mitigating tampering risks through targeted verification. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy rate of 93.33%, with any discrepancies attributed to quantum device errors. The proposed protocol combines quantum encryption and blockchain-based security to create a scalable, decentralized, and resilient framework for securing IoT data sharing.