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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging

Toward practical generation of non-Gaussian states for time-domain-multiplexed optical quantum computer

Warit Asavanant, Akito Kawasaki, Shunya Konno, Ryuhoh Ide, Takumi Suzuki, Hector Brunel, Katsuki Nakashima, Takahiro Kashiwazaki, Asuka Inoue, Takeshi Umeki, Fumihiro China, Masahiro Yabuno, Shigehito Miki, Hirotaka Terai, Taichi Yamashima, A. Sakaguchi, Rajveer Nehra, Kan Takase, Mamoru Endo, Akira Furusawa

Published Oct 4, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical system is an appealing system for quantum computation as it has tremendous scalability over typical matter-based qubit. This is thanks to its rich degree of freedom that allows multiplexing. A particularly promising approach is the time-domain multiplexing approach where large-scale entangled resources and their usages have been demonstrated. To achieve quantum computation, these resources have to be combined with a type of states called non-Gaussian states. Non-Gaussian state generation requires strong nonlinearity which is challenging in optical system, compared to the matter-based system. In this work, we explain our recent work in the generation of the non-Gaussian states for optical quantum computer. In the first half, we discuss the demonstration of cat-breeding protocol for the generation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit. In the second half, we show the demonstration of generation of cat states from broadband light source. In the future, by combining these two techniques, we can achieve high-rate high-quality GKP states crucial for optical quantum computer.

DOI
10.1117/12.3027231

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Optical system is an appealing system for quantum computation as it has tremendous scalability over typical matter-based qubit. This is thanks to its rich degree of freedom that allows multiplexing. A particularly promising approach is the time-domain multiplexing approach where large-scale entangled resources and their usages have been demonstrated. To achieve quantum computation, these resources have to be combined with a type of states called non-Gaussian states. Non-Gaussian state generation requires strong nonlinearity which is challenging in optical system, compared to the matter-based system. In this work, we explain our recent work in the generation of the non-Gaussian states for optical quantum computer. In the first half, we discuss the demonstration of cat-breeding protocol for the generation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit. In the second half, we show the demonstration of generation of cat states from broadband light source. In the future, by combining these two techniques, we can achieve high-rate high-quality GKP states crucial for optical quantum computer.
Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are a central resource for fault-tolerant optical continuous-variable quantum computing and communication. However, their realization in the optical domain remains to be demonstrated. Here we propose a method for preparing GKP states using a cavity QED system as the only non-Gaussian element. This system can be realized in several platforms such as trapped atoms, quantum dots or diamond color centers. We simulate the protocol with finite-cooperativity systems to evaluate the achievable quality of the produced GKP states in realistic noisy systems. We further combine the protocol with the previously proposed breeding protocol by Vasconcelos et al. to relax the demands on the quality of the QED system. We find that GKP states with more than 10 dB squeezing could be achieved in near-future experiments. Additionally, the approach can be made fully deterministic, thus providing a more scalable and hardware-efficient approach compared to probabilistic approaches based on photon counting.
Non-Gaussian states of light, such as Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states, are essential resources for optical continuous-variable quantum computing. The ability to efficiently produce these states would open up tremendous prospects for quantum technologies in general and fault-tolerant quantum computing in particular. This letter demonstrates a versatile method using a quantum-memory cavity to mitigate the consequences of the probabilistic nature of the breeding protocols and generate non-Gaussian states at high rates with scalability perspectives. The performances of our experimental setup are illustrated with the generation of squeezed cat states of amplitude α=1.63 with a fidelity of more than 60% at a generation rate in the kHz range, which is higher than the state of the art for such states.
Optical quantum computing is a promising approach for achieving large-scale quantum computation. While Gaussian operations have been successfully scaled, the inherently weak nonlinearity in optics makes generating highly non-Gaussian states a critical challenge for universality and fault tolerance. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scalable method to generate optical non-Gaussian states with a resonator-based quantum memory that supports continuous-time storage and retrieval, in contrast to conventional loop-based memories. We introduce a dual-mode operation of the memory, enabling both storage and entangling functionalities within a single device. By employing a time-domain-multiplexed approach, we successfully demonstrate both cat and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill breeding protocols in a scalable fashion, marking a key step toward quantum error correction. Our experiment also marks the first full demonstration of an optical resonator memory performing writing, storage, and readout operations. We validate the memory by storing squeezed single-photon states with up to 93% total efficiency, and measure an energy relaxation time T 1 = 2.3 μ s and dephasing time T ϕ = 0.96 μ s . These results establish a scalable pathway to generating complex non-Gaussian states required for fault-tolerant optical quantum computing. Beyond computation, our techniques provide new tools for enhancing quantum communication, sensing, and metrology.
Hybrid bosonic codes combining bosonic codes with photon states offer a promising pathway for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, the efficient generation of such states in optical setups remains technically challenging due to the requirement for complex non-Gaussian resources. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to efficiently generate hybrid entangled states between a GKP qubit and a photon-number state using small-amplitude cat states as the primary resource. We apply a breeding process using small-amplitude cat states to increase the non-Gaussianity of the input states. This method requires only linear optical elements and homodyne measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this protocol can be extended to generate hybrid qudit states. This scheme has the potential to provide a resource-efficient and experimentally attractive route toward implementing hybrid quantum error correction.
Optical quantum computing is a promising approach for achieving large-scale quantum computation. While Gaussian operations have been successfully scaled, the inherently weak nonlinearity in opticsmakes generating highly non-Gaussian states a critical challenge for universality and fault tolerance. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scalable method to generate optical non-Gaussian states with a resonator-based quantum memory that supports continuous-time storage and retrieval, in contrast to conventional loop-based memories. We introduce a dual-mode operation of the memory, enabling both storage and entangling functionalities within a single device. By employing a time-domain-multiplexed approach, we successfully demonstrate both cat and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill breeding protocols in a scalable fashion, marking a key step toward quantum error correction. Our experiment also marks the first full demonstration of an optical resonator memory performing writing, storage, and readout operations.We validate the memory by storing squeezed single-photon states with up to 93% total efficiency, and measure an energy relaxation time T1 = 2.3 μs and dephasing time Tφ = 0.96 μs. These results establish a scalable pathway to generating complex non-Gaussian states required for fault-tolerant optical quantum computing. Beyond computation, our techniques provide new tools for enhancing quantum communication, sensing, and metrology.
Optical quantum computing is a promising approach for achieving large-scale quantum computation. While Gaussian operations have been successfully scaled, the inherently weak nonlinearity in opticsmakes generating highly non-Gaussian states a critical challenge for universality and fault tolerance. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scalable method to generate optical non-Gaussian states with a resonator-based quantum memory that supports continuous-time storage and retrieval, in contrast to conventional loop-based memories. We introduce a dual-mode operation of the memory, enabling both storage and entangling functionalities within a single device. By employing a time-domain-multiplexed approach, we successfully demonstrate both cat and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill breeding protocols in a scalable fashion, marking a key step toward quantum error correction. Our experiment also marks the first full demonstration of an optical resonator memory performing writing, storage, and readout operations.We validate the memory by storing squeezed single-photon states with up to 93% total efficiency, and measure an energy relaxation time T1 = 2.3 μs and dephasing time Tφ = 0.96 μs. These results establish a scalable pathway to generating complex non-Gaussian states required for fault-tolerant optical quantum computing. Beyond computation, our techniques provide new tools for enhancing quantum communication, sensing, and metrology.