An exploratory study on the usage of quantum programming languages

Piotr Gawron, Jarosław Adam Miszczak, R. Winiarczyk +1 more

Article presents compiler which takes code written in procedural Quantum Computation Language as the input and produces sequential Quantum Markup Language code. The disadvantage of QML language is its low scalability. Usage of high-level language such as QCL solves this problem by introducing elements of procedural programming paradigm. It allows code reusability to solve similar problems of different size.

Jiafu Xu, Fangmin Song

Matan Vax, Peleg Emanuel, Eyal Cornfeld +8 more

Quantum computing hardware is advancing at a rapid pace, yet the lack of high-level programming abstractions remains a serious bottleneck in the development of new applications. Widely used frameworks still rely on gate-level circuit descriptions, causing the algorithm's functional intent to become lost in low-level implementation details, and hindering flexibility and reuse. While various high-level quantum programming languages have emerged in recent years - offering a significant step toward higher abstraction - many still lack support for classicallike expression syntax, and native constructs for useful quantum algorithmic idioms. This paper presents Qmod, a high-level quantum programming language designed to capture algorithmic intent in natural terms while delegating implementation decisions to automation. Qmod introduces quantum numeric variables and expressions, including digital fixed-point arithmetic tuned for compact representations and optimal resource usage. Beyond digital encoding, Qmod also supports nondigital expression modes phase and amplitude encoding - frequently exploited by quantum algorithms to achieve computational advantages. We describe the language's constructs, demonstrate practical usage examples, and outline future work on evaluating Qmod across a broader set of use cases.

Peter Selinger

Hong-Jun Lin

(The Multi-Bubble Universe is a speculative but action-formulable effective framework for emergent geometry, gravitational feedback, and active-membrane dynamics, with an exploratory program toward cosmology and particle physics.) The purpose of this section is to formulate a common dynamical language in which tunneling, double-slit interference, and entanglement appear as three regimes of the same membrane process.

Peter Selinger