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Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Cloud Computing

Computing in Terms of Takeuti's Quantum Set Theory

Miklós Banai

Published Sep 24, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this letter we discuss computing in terms of Gaisi Takeuti's quantum set theory using an explicit example of a rigid body of cuboid form. The universe V(L) of Takeuti will be determined. A set of real numbers in this Universe are also explicitly described including a set of binary numbers. Thus we arrive at the foundations of von Neumann' theory of computing in terms of ordinary binary numbers. Then we see that this extension of computing to the Universe V(L) provides a sound, mathematically well defined theory of quantum computing.

DOI
10.47363/jaicc/2024(3)386

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•Jun 21, 2023•2 citations
In this letter we discuss computing in terms of Gaisi Takeuti's quantum set theory using an explicit example of a rigid body of cuboid form. The universe V(L) of Takeuti will be determined. A set of real numbers in this Universe are also explicitly described including a set of binary numbers. Thus we arrive at the foundations of von Neumann' theory of computing in terms of ordinary binary numbers. Then we see that this extension of computing to the Universe V(L) provides a sound, mathematically well defined theory of quantum computing.
The foundations and results of parallel computing in terms of Gaisi Takeutis’ quantum set theory are presented in this talk. This approach is based on • The extension of the von Neumann’s uniqueness theorem for the solutions of the canonical commutations relations in quantum mechanics of finitely many degrees of freedom to quantum local field theories of infinitely many degrees of freedom; • The results of the mathematician Gaisi Takeuti about quantum set theory in extension theory; and • The results of the physicist Lev Davidovics Landau about the behavior of the quantum liquids He3 and He4 resulting in a more general approach than the one based on the notion of the quantum bit.
The foundations and results of parallel computing in terms of Gaisi Takeutis’ quantum set theory are presented in this review paper. This approach is based on 1) the extension of the von Neumann’s uniqueness theorem for the solutions of the canonical commutations relations in quantum mechanics of finitely many degrees of freedom to quantum local field theories of infinitely many degrees of freedom [2]; 2) the results of the mathematician Gaisi Takeuti about quantum set theory in extension theory; and 3) the results of the physicist Lev Davidovics Landau about the behavior of the quantum liquids He3 and He4resulting in a more general approach than the one based on the notion of the quantum bit [1-5].
The forcing process from mathematical logic offers a promising framework for studying the feasibility of quantum computation on a practical scale, since decoherence is a serious concern and, so far, questions of control, communication, and the implementation of operations that are important for a working computational system have received less attention than mathematical research on algorithms and basic physical investigations of creating simple gates and storing mixed states. Using forcing in this way is a new application of areas of model theory in which propositions and predicates take values in a lattice. Takeuti develops set theory for any universe built on a Boolean algebra generated by commutable projection operators on a Hilbert space, each such universe being a elementary topos of set- valued sheaves on the algebra, which thus is the lattice of truth values for the topos. Since it has a natural numbers object, it thus supports the general forcing method of Scedrov, but the idea of forcing is demonstrated by an example in the simpler context of partially ordered sets. Stout's lamination construction assembles toposes into objects with truth-value lattices that are orthomodular, like the lattice of all projection operators on Hilbert space, and clarifies some difficulties identified by Takeuti in the case where truth values are noncommutable operators. A substantial body of existing sheaf and topos theory thus is potentially relevant to quantum computation, and further work may provide guidance for system development.
The purpose of this dissertation is to construct a radically new type of mathematics whose underlying logic differs from the ordinary classical logic used in standard mathematics, and which we feel may be more natural for applications in quantum mechanics. Specifically, we begin by constructing a first order quantum logic, the development of which closely parallels that of ordinary (classical) first order logic --- the essential differences are in the nature of the logical axioms, which, in our construction, are motivated by quantum theory. After showing that the axiomatic first order logic we develop is sound and complete (with respect to a particular class of models), this logic is then used as a foundation on which to build (axiomatic) mathematical systems --- and we refer to the resulting new mathematics as "quantum mathematics." As noted above, the hope is that this form of mathematics is more natural than classical mathematics for the description of quantum systems, and will enable us to address some foundational aspects of quantum theory which are still troublesome --- e.g. the measurement problem --- as well as possibly even inform our thinking about quantum gravity.\n\nAfter constructing the underlying logic, we investigate properties of several mathematical systems --- e.g. axiom systems for abstract algebras, group theory, linear algebra, etc. --- in the presence of this quantum logic. In the process, we demonstrate that the resulting quantum mathematical systems have some strange, but very interesting features, which indicates a richness in the structure of mathematics that is classically inaccessible. Moreover, some of these features do indeed suggest possible applications to foundational questions in quantum theory. \n\nWe continue our investigation of quantum mathematics by constructing an axiomatic quantum set theory, which we show satisfies certain desirable criteria. Ultimately, we hope that such a set theory will lead to a foundation for quantum mathematics in a sense which parallels the foundational role of classical set theory in classical mathematics. One immediate application of the quantum set theory we develop is to provide a foundation on which to construct quantum natural numbers, which are the quantum analog of the classical counting numbers. It turns out that in a special class of models, there exists a 1-1 correspondence between the quantum natural numbers and bounded observables in quantum theory whose eigenvalues are (ordinary) natural numbers. This 1-1 correspondence is remarkably satisfying, and not only gives us great confidence in our quantum set theory, but indicates the naturalness of such models for quantum theory itself. We go on to develop a Peano-like arithmetic for these new "numbers," as well as consider some of its consequences. Finally, we conclude by summarizing our results, and discussing directions for future work.
Quantum theory is the land of indiscernible things, of things that in some situations cannot be put apart. This contrasts in much with standard mathematics and classical logic, which were elaborated to deal with \textit{individuals}, discernible things. Many thinkers, among them the mathematician Yuri Manin, have proposed that a more general theory of `sets' than standard set theories (where sets are collections of discernible elements) should be elaborated to cope with quantum physics. Quasi-set theory was proposed with such an aim. In this paper, we consider some aspects of this theory and discuss the way we can use such a theory as a framework for constructing deformable (not rigid) structures where indiscernible things can be considered but with one additional and fundamental detail: these structures cannot be extended to rigid structures as it happens in the standard frameworks. Really, the way of dealing with indiscernible (or indistinguishable) elements within a `standard' framework such as a `classical' set theory (like the ZFC system) requires the confinement of the discussion to deformable (non-rigid) structures. But in ZFC every structure can be extended to a rigid structure (encompassing only the trivial automorphism -- the identity function), so that in the extended structure (or in the whole universe) one can realize that the supposed indiscernible objects are not indiscernible at all. Quasi-set theory is such that the universe of quasi-sets is deformable and in such a theory one can construct deformable structures which cannot be extended to rigid ones. The aim of this paper is to put these things in a clear way.