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IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

On the Secrecy of SWIPT Systems: An Amount of Confusion Loss Perspective

Soleha Kousar, Ajay Singh

Published Jun 24, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the field of physical layer security, fractional equivocation offers a broader perspective on secrecy, particularly regarding the confusion at the eavesdropper. Previous studies have utilized fractional equivocation to derive essential first-order metrics. However, deriving closed-form higher-order metrics based on fractional equivocation has been challenging due to numerical complexities. In this paper, we go beyond the first-order metrics and find a method to compute the higher metrics of fractional equivocation. We apply this method to simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. Using the higher order moments, we introduce a new metric termed as amount of confusion loss (ACL). This metric assesses the level of confusion loss experienced by eavesdroppers, providing a more comprehensive characterization of their impact in real-world scenarios. Our analysis of ACL considers various power allocation scenarios to the energy harvesting receiver (EHR) and different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and illustrates the impact of these on eavesdropper's loss of confusion. This analysis reveals a significant disparity in the severity of confusion loss compared to the existing average leakage rate (ALR), particularly at low secrecy rates, which is not observed in previous studies. Furthermore, the influence of power allocation towards the EHR is distinctly reflected in the generalized secrecy outage probability (GSOP) and average fractional equivocation (AFE). Simulation results are performed to check the accuracy.

DOI
10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683155

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In the field of physical layer security, fractional equivocation offers a broader perspective on secrecy, particularly regarding the confusion at the eavesdropper. Previous studies have utilized fractional equivocation to derive essential first-order metrics. However, deriving closed-form higher-order metrics based on fractional equivocation has been challenging due to numerical complexities. In this paper, we go beyond the first-order metrics and find a method to compute the higher metrics of fractional equivocation. We apply this method to simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. Using the higher order moments, we introduce a new metric termed as amount of confusion loss (ACL). This metric assesses the level of confusion loss experienced by eavesdroppers, providing a more comprehensive characterization of their impact in real-world scenarios. Our analysis of ACL considers various power allocation scenarios to the energy harvesting receiver (EHR) and different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and illustrates the impact of these on eavesdropper's loss of confusion. This analysis reveals a significant disparity in the severity of confusion loss compared to the existing average leakage rate (ALR), particularly at low secrecy rates, which is not observed in previous studies. Furthermore, the influence of power allocation towards the EHR is distinctly reflected in the generalized secrecy outage probability (GSOP) and average fractional equivocation (AFE). Simulation results are performed to check the accuracy.
The concept of secrecy outage probability is a fundamental aspect used to study the performance of secrecy in wireless communication networks. While this metric constitutes the key element of secrecy performance evaluation, a more advanced approach involves scrutinizing the eavesdropper's capacity to decode the information. The issue of secrecy becomes critical in our proposed system model for cognitive radio network (CRN) featuring simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In this context, security concerns arise related to spectrum sharing in CRNs, with the energy harvester in SWIPT potentially acting as an eavesdropper. We conduct an in-depth analysis using the concept of fractional equivocation to assess the severity of eavesdropper's decodability of the information. The chosen secrecy metric offers a more comprehensive understanding of secrecy in SWIPT-CRN, facilitating the design of secure communication systems with diverse perspectives on secrecy measurement. We derive a closed-form analytical expression for the exact generalized secrecy outage probability (GSOP) of the network. This expression conveys the GSOP's dependence on system parameters associated with the eavesdropper's decoding capability, which we illustrate through numerical analysis. Asymptotic analysis is performed to gain better insights into the system.
This work considers a single-input-single-output (SISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system, which comprises a single-antenna transmitter named Alice, one single-antenna legitimate receiver named Bob, andM(M>1)M(M\gt 1)M(M>1)single-antenna energy receivers (ERs). This paper examines the secrecy performance SISO SWIPT network in the presence of malevolent ERs in the partial secrecy regime that is based on the notion of practical equivocation and derives the closed-form expression for the generalized secrecy outage probability (GSOP), average fractional equivocation (AFE), and average information leakage rate (AILR). Moreover, a performance metric, referred to as the amount of confusion level (ACL), which measures the degree of confusion level at ERs is also analyzed for the proposed SWIPT networks. The optimal values of the secrecy rate and Alice’s transmission rate which are subject to throughput constraints are calculated in order to minimize the GSOP, maximize the AFE, and minimize the AILR. Finally, the optimal value of the power spitting factor is calculated.
Recently, three useful secrecy metrics based on the partial secrecy regime were proposed to analyze secure transmissions on wireless systems over quasi-static fading channels, namely: generalized secrecy outage probability, average fractional equivocation, and average information leakage. These metrics were devised from the concept of fractional equivocation, which is related to the decoding error probability at the eavesdropper, so as to provide a comprehensive insight on the practical implementation of wireless systems with different levels of secrecy requirements. Considering the partial secrecy regime, in this paper we examine the secrecy performance of an amplify-and-forward relaying network with an untrusted relay node, where a destination-based jamming is employed to enable secure transmissions. In this regard, a closed-form approximation is derived for the generalized secrecy outage probability, and integral-form expressions are obtained for the average fractional equivocation and the average information leakage rate. Additionally, equal and optimal power allocation schemes are investigated and compared for the three metrics. From this analysis, we show that different power allocation approaches lead to different system design criteria. The obtained expressions are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
—In wireless communications, security issues have become difficult due to unchangeable and unpredictable nature of the wireless medium. There are many traditional cryptographic techniques which were used previously. The physical layer security used for ensuring secure wireless communications apart from the cryptographic techniques, which is achieved after proper understanding of the nature wireless channels. Classical information theoretic secrecy is one of the metrics followed, in which, we assume that there is no(zero) leaked information at the eavesdropper which means the information decoding probability at the eavesdropper is '0'. But, practically achieving classical information theoretic secrecy is not possible. So, this project deals with partial secrecy. The partial secrecy of a system is measured in terms of equivocation, which gives the information of the level at which the eavesdropper (active) is confused. It means that in partial secrecy, there is information leakage but the eavesdropper cannot exactly decode the original message. The new secrecy metrics used GSOP (generalized secrecy outage probability), AFE (average fractional equivocation) and AILR (average information leakage rate) altogether provides more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the secrecy performance over the fading channels.
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has recently gathered much research interest from both academia and industry as a key enabler of energy harvesting Internet-of-things (IoT) networks. Due to a number of growing use cases of such networks, it is important to study their performance limits from the perspective of physical layer security (PLS). With this intent, this work aims to provide a novel analysis of the ergodic secrecy capacity of a SWIPT system is provided for Rician and Nakagami- m faded communication links. For a realistic evaluation of the system, the imperfections of channel estimations for different receiver designs of the SWIPT-based IoT systems have been taken into account. Subsequently, the closed-form expressions of the ergodic secrecy capacities for the considered scenario are provided and, then, validated through extensive simulations. The results indicate that an error ceiling appears due to imperfect channel estimation at high values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). More importantly, the secrecy capacity under different channel conditions stops increasing beyond a certain limit, despite an increase of the main link SNR. The in-depth analysis of secrecy-energy trade-off has also been performed and a comparison has been provided for imperfect and perfect channel estimation cases. As part of the continuous evolution of IoT networks, the results provided in this work can help in identifying the secrecy limits of IoT networks in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers.
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems taking artificial noise assistance into account. Multiple antennas in the source and a single antenna in both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper are assumed. Specifically, the transmitted signal at the source is composed of two parts, where the first part is the information symbols and the other is the noise for the eavesdropper. To avoid making noise in the legitimate receiver, these two parts in the transmitted signals are modulated into two orthogonal dimensions according to the instantaneous channel state between the source and the legitimate receiver. We derive an approximate closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) by adopting the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature (GLQ) method, where the gap between the exact SOP and our approximate SOP converges with increase of the summation terms in the GLQ. To obtain the secrecy diversity order and secrecy array gain for the considered SWIPT system, the asymptotic result of the SOP is also derived. This is tight in the high signal-to-noise ratio region. A novel and robust SOP approximation is also analyzed given a small variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the eavesdropper. Some selected Monte-Carlo numerical results are presented to validate the correctness of the derived closed-form expressions.