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COHERENT LIGHT COMPUTING SYSTEM BASED ON QUANTUM SQUEEZING

Yanchen JIANG, Tiejun Wang

Published Jun 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent light computing is a specialized computational method based on quantum optics and non von Neumann frameworks, which is expected to break through the bottleneck of computational performance and power consumption in the post Moore era. The core idea of coherent light calculation is based on the principle of minimum gain. By gradually increasing the intensity of the pump light in the degenerate optical parametric oscillator, the lowest energy ground state mode in the oscillator is excited, thus completing a process similar to physical annealing. This annealing process can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems and has advantages such as fast computation speed, high solution quality, and low power consumption. Coherent optical computers, also known as Coherent Ising Machines, can be used for fast and high-quality solutions to problems such as traffic flow allocation, industrial resource scheduling, and financial investment portfolios. They are an important research direction in quantum computing hardware. This paper, as the second part of the “Advanced Computational Power Technology” topic, introduces the basic principles, historical development and experimental systems of coherent optical computing and coherent Ising machines. This paper not only serves as a general introduction to the future field of computing technology, but the PPT given in the appendix also serves as a useful supplement to the “Quantum Physics” chapter in university physics and other courses.

DOI
10.26599/phys.2024.9320316

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Coherent light computing is a specialized computational method based on quantum optics and non von Neumann frameworks, which is expected to break through the bottleneck of computational performance and power consumption in the post Moore era. The core idea of coherent light calculation is based on the principle of minimum gain. By gradually increasing the intensity of the pump light in the degenerate optical parametric oscillator, the lowest energy ground state mode in the oscillator is excited, thus completing a process similar to physical annealing. This annealing process can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems and has advantages such as fast computation speed, high solution quality, and low power consumption. Coherent optical computers, also known as Coherent Ising Machines, can be used for fast and high-quality solutions to problems such as traffic flow allocation, industrial resource scheduling, and financial investment portfolios. They are an important research direction in quantum computing hardware. This paper, as the second part of the “Advanced Computational Power Technology” topic, introduces the basic principles, historical development and experimental systems of coherent optical computing and coherent Ising machines. This paper not only serves as a general introduction to the future field of computing technology, but the PPT given in the appendix also serves as a useful supplement to the “Quantum Physics” chapter in university physics and other courses.
Coherent Ising machines (CIMs) are an experimentally promising class of physics-based computational architectures that embed hard combinatorial optimization problems into systems of coupled nonlinear optical oscillators. The solution-finding mechanisms employed by CIMs feature complicated dynamical bifurcations occurring on a network scale, posing significant challenges to the development of theory and models for their underlying principles of operation. These difficulties are especially pronounced in the ultra-low-power or quantum regimes where the benefits in computational efficiency over conventional optimization algorithms are expected to be largest. We discuss some of our recent approaches and results at this intersection of dynamical systems theory and quantum model reduction, which have highlighted some potentially useful architectures and applications on the horizon for CIMs.
A coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), in which the “strongest” collective mode of oscillation at well above threshold corresponds to an optimum solution of a given Ising problem. When a pump rate or network coupling rate is increased from below to above threshold, however, the eigenvectors with the smallest eigenvalue of the Ising coupling matrix [Jij] appear near threshold and impede the machine to relax to true ground states. Two complementary approaches to attack this problem are described here. One approach is to utilize the squeezed/anti-squeezed vacuum noise of OPOs below threshold to produce coherent spreading over numerous local minima via quantum noise correlation, which could enable the machine to access either true ground states or excited states with eigen-energies close enough to that of ground states above threshold. The other approach is to implement a real-time error correction feedback loop so that the machine migrates from one local minimum to another during an explorative search for ground states. Finally, a set of qualitative analogies connecting the CIM and traditional computer science techniques are pointed out. In particular, belief propagation and survey propagation used in combinatorial optimization are touched upon.
Today, world-wide efforts are being undertaken to explore non-von Neumann computation methods to overcome "the end of Moore's law". A promising approach is the coherent Ising machine (CIM), which utilizes a network of degenerate optical parametric oscillators for solving ground-state-search problems of the Ising model. Since its proposal in 2013 and the first proof-of-principle experiment in 2014, research on experimental CIMs has made rapid progress and now reached the level where we can find solutions to large-scale combinatorial optimization problems using a CIM system. In this paper, we review recent progress on CIMs, mainly focusing on the experimental side.
Under the label of optical quantum computing, there are a variety of protocols and experiments that use the quantum properties of light to achieve a computational advantage over classical computing machines. In this review, we describe some of the main implementations, which differ in the type of encoding and in how the computation is performed, whether using gates or cluster states. For each protocol, we describe advantages and challenges with an overview of the experimental results obtained, summarized in tables. Because of the great relevance achieved in this field, there is a section dedicated to non-universal quantum computation with photons, where boson sampling, variational quantum eigensolvers, and quantum machine learning applications are described. The aim is to give the reader the broadest overview of the applications where photons and their quantum properties play a key role in computation.