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Enhancement of microwave to optical spin-based quantum transduction via a magnon mode

Tharnier O. Puel, Adam T. Turflinger, Sebastian P. Horvath, Jeff D. Thompson, Michael E. Flatté

Published Sep 28, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Our study provides a step forward to the practical implementation of a quantum transducer, used for converting quantum information between two different physical realizations, one is good for information transmission while the other is good for manipulation and control. We propose using commercial materials with rare-earth elements, conveniently chosen to have useful optical properties for telecommunications. We find that hosting rare-earth elements within a magnet dramatically speeds up the transduction process.

DOI
10.1117/12.2676779

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Our study provides a step forward to the practical implementation of a quantum transducer, used for converting quantum information between two different physical realizations, one is good for information transmission while the other is good for manipulation and control. We propose using commercial materials with rare-earth elements, conveniently chosen to have useful optical properties for telecommunications. We find that hosting rare-earth elements within a magnet dramatically speeds up the transduction process.
This presentation focus on quantum transduction using rare-earth ions in solid state systems. We propose using magnetic materials with rare-earth dopants, harnessing the strong coupling between rare-earth spin transitions and magnons. We analyze this situation using a formalism similar to Ref. [PRL 113, 203601 (2014)]. We find that hosting rare-earth elements within a magnet dramatically speeds up the transduction rate by more than two orders of magnitude, which gives several key benefits: potentially higher efficiency as it is less affected by device internal losses, higher fidelity operations with the superconducting qubits, and reduced device constraints. Finally, we discuss several routes for implementing this type of quantum transducer.
We propose a method for converting single microwave photons to single optical sideband photons based on spinful impurities in magnetic materials. This hybrid system is advantageous over previous proposals because (i) the implementation allows much higher transduction rates ( 10 3 times faster at the same optical pump Rabi frequency) than state-of-the-art devices, (ii) high-efficiency transduction is found to happen in a significantly larger space of device parameters (in particular, over 1 GHz microwave detuning), and (iii) it does not require mode volume matching between optical and microwave resonators. We identify the needed magnetic interactions as well as potential materials systems to enable this speed up using erbium dopants for telecom compatibility. This is an important step towards realizing high-fidelity entangling operations between remote qubits and will provide additional control of the transduction through perturbation of the magnet.
Microwave-to-optical quantum transduction is a critically important task in the field of quantum information and communication technologies. Hybrid Quantum Systems (HQS), consisting of different interacting subsystems, are believed to be a physical base for the realization of quantum frequency conversion. HQSs based on magnetically ordered materials look like a very prospective solution due to the strong coupling between MW photons and magnetic oscillations. Another approach is based on rare-earth (RE) ions doped in crystals, which potentially provides an efficient way for magneto-optical quantum coherence transfer. In this work, we review approaches for quantum transduction based on both classes of materials (magnon- and RE-based). We analyze their specific features and compare the strong and weak sides of each material class. The possibility interfacing or combining these two approaches in a single device is also considered as well as the technical challenges of the practical realization of such a hybrid system.