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Effect of Gravity on Gaussian Modulated Coherent State Quantum Key Distribution

Yuying Zhang, Jian Zhou, Jiayan Fu, Yanyan Feng, Ronghua Shi, Jinjing Shi

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.2139/ssrn.4955839

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A quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme using binary-modulated coherent states is proposed in this paper. Compared with Gaussian sources of QKD using Gaussian-modulated coherent states, the binary sources of the proposed scheme are the simplest sources, and the binary modulation is the most usual modulation format in the digital optical-fiber communication. The security of the proposed schemeagainst beam splitter attack is analyzed using Shannon information theory. The analytical expression of the secret information rate is given in terms of modulation-demodulation parameters and channel parameters. The quantum noise of coherent states guarantees the security of the proposed scheme.
We discuss the excess noise contributions of a practical balanced homodyne detector (BHD) in Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GMCS) quantum key distribution (QKD). We point out that the key generated from the original realistic model of GMCS QKD may not be secure. In our refined realistic model , we take into account excess noise due to the finite bandwidth of the homodyne detector and the fluctuation of the local oscillator (LO). A high-speed BHD suitable for GMCS QKD in the telecommunication wavelength region is built and experimentally tested. The 3 dB bandwidth of the BHD is found to be 104 MHz and its electronic noise level is 13 dB below the shot noise at an LO level of 8.5 × 10 8 photons per pulse. The secure key rate of a GMCS QKD experiment with this homodyne detector is expected to reach Mbits s −1 over a few kilometers.
In continuous-variable quantum key distribution, the loss and excess noise of the quantum channel are key parameters that determine the secure key rate and the maximal distribution distance. We investigate the imperfect quantum state preparation in Gaussian modulation coherent-state protocol both theoretically and experimentally. We show that the Gaussian distribution characteristic of the prepared states in phase space is broken due to the incorrect calibration of the working parameters for the amplitude modulator and phase modulator. This further causes a significant increase of the excess noise and misestimate of the channel loss. To ensure an accurate estimate of the quantum channel parameters and achieve a reliable quantum key distribution, we propose and demonstrate two effective schemes to calibrate the working parameters of the modulators.