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International Conference on Information Science, Parallel and Distributed Systems (ISPDS)

Quantum Convolutional Neural Network based on Variational Quantum Fuzzy Inference

Fangcong Zheng, Z. Liu, Shibin Zhang

Published May 31, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum technology, quantum machine learning has attracted wide attention. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum machine learning model which introduces variational quantum gates in the quantum fuzzy inference circuits, and adjusts the variational gate parameters to automatically learn fuzzy rules for data classification through quantum machine learning training. Comparison results on the iris dataset show that our variational quantum fuzzy inference quantum convolutional neural network (VQFI-QCNN) outperforms classical multi layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks with a similar number of parameters, demonstrating the potential advantages of quantum. Due to the better results on the iris structured dataset, our VQFI-QCNN deserves further investigation, and as the number of quantum bits available for quantum computers increases, our method may also be applied in the future to efficiently classify structured data in mega data.

DOI
10.1109/ispds62779.2024.10667586

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In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum technology, quantum machine learning has attracted wide attention. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum machine learning model which introduces variational quantum gates in the quantum fuzzy inference circuits, and adjusts the variational gate parameters to automatically learn fuzzy rules for data classification through quantum machine learning training. Comparison results on the iris dataset show that our variational quantum fuzzy inference quantum convolutional neural network (VQFI-QCNN) outperforms classical multi layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks with a similar number of parameters, demonstrating the potential advantages of quantum. Due to the better results on the iris structured dataset, our VQFI-QCNN deserves further investigation, and as the number of quantum bits available for quantum computers increases, our method may also be applied in the future to efficiently classify structured data in mega data.
This paper presents a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model for classification tasks, integrating a 4-qubit quantum circuit with a classical neural network. The quantum circuit is designed to encode the features of the Iris dataset using angle embedding and entangling gates, thereby capturing complex feature relationships that are difficult for classical models alone. The model, which we term a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN), was trained over 20 epochs, achievinga perfect 100% accuracy on the Iris dataset test set on 16 epoch. Our results demonstrate the potential of quantum-enhanced models in supervised learning tasks, particularly in efficiently encoding and processing data using quantum resources. We detail the quantum circuit design, parameterizedgate selection, and the integration of the quantum layer with classical neural network components.This work contributes to the growing body of research on hybrid quantum-classical models and theirapplicability to real-world datasets.
Abstract Convolutional neural network (CNN), as a prominent machine learning model, is crucial in image classification and feature extraction by completely utilizing the correlation information of data. Currently, the CNN is facing the challenges of slow computing speed, expanding data scale and poor interpretation for rapidly increasing Hilbert space. Fortunately, quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) promises an elegant solution to improve the efficiency of data processing by combining the superiority of quantum computing and the feature extraction capability of the CNN. However, most of the existing QCNNs have the problem that they are feeble to extract global features effectively and coincidentally variational shadow quantum circuit (VSQC) can preferably figure out it. Accordingly, an enhanced QCNN assisted by the VSQC (VSQC‐QCNN) is developed. To be specific, the input data is primarily preprocessed by the VSQC module to establish global entanglement and extract effective features. Then the output shadow features are further processed by encoding, quantum circuit evolution and decoding through quantum convolutional layer and the dimensionality of the feature results is reduced through the pooling layer. When the data dimension is small enough, it is fed into a fully connected neural network to make classification predictions via activation functions. Experiments conducted on the MNIST dataset through the VQNet quantum framework demonstrate that the VSQC‐QCNN model is with performance surpassing the original QCNN in terms of loss function, classification accuracy and training speed. In addition, it is proved that the VSQC‐QCNN model has good astringency and stability under different circuit depths, widths and learning rates. Remarkably, the classification average accuracy of the model can reach up to 99% (even 100% for a few cases). Finally, experiments are also performed on Fashion‐MNIST and Iris datasets, indicating that the designed model has good universality.
Artificial neural networks have achieved great success in many fields ranging from image recognition to video understanding. However, its high requirements for computing and memory resources have limited further development on processing big data with high dimensions. In recent years, advances in quantum computing show that building neural networks on quantum processors is a potential solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network model named Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN), aiming at utilizing the computing power of quantum systems to accelerate classical machine learning tasks. The designed QCNN is based on implementable quantum circuits and has a similar structure as classical convolutional neural networks. Numerical simulation results on the MNIST dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Abstract Current era is witnessing rapid growth in data and fast data processing methods. In the past few decades, artificial intelligence has matured exponentially and has been applied in many areas such as medicine, transport, finance, and many more. Classical machine learning methods are resource intensive and usually training models takes time. Quantum machine learning can be a alternate solution to this problem and can be used to solve complex data problems. Quantum machine learning utilizes parallel computing capabilities of quantum computers. Quantum machine learning methods can be used for image classification, which is an important task in data science. Here, we have proposed a quantum convolutional neural network for color image classification, where we have applied a quantum convolutional and pooling layers to reduce the number of features without losing crucial information. We have used the proposed method to classify color image of the CIFAR-10 dataset. We have compared the validation accuracies and loss during training for both classical and quantum convolutional neural network. Our results show that we have achieved similar accuracy with less number of trainable parameters. We believe that this study will open new avenue for high dimensional data classification using quantum convolutional neural network in current and beyond NISQ era.
Abstract As the rapidly evolving field of machine learning continues to produce incredibly useful tools and models, the potential for quantum computing to provide speed up for machine learning algorithms is becoming increasingly desirable. In particular, quantum circuits in place of classical convolutional filters for image detection-based tasks are being investigated for the ability to exploit quantum advantage. However, these attempts, referred to as quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs), lack the ability to efficiently process data with multiple channels and therefore are limited to relatively simple inputs. In this work, we present a variety of hardware-adaptable quantum circuit ansatzes for use as convolutional kernels, and demonstrate that the quantum neural networks we report outperform existing QCNNs on classification tasks involving multi-channel data. We envision that the ability of these implementations to effectively learn inter-channel information will allow quantum machine learning methods to operate with more complex data.
Multiclass classification is of great interest for various applications, for example, it is a common task in computer vision, where one needs to categorize an image into three or more classes. Here we propose a quantum machine learning approach based on quantum convolutional neural networks for solving the multiclass classification problem. The corresponding learning procedure is implemented via TensorFlowQuantum as a hybrid quantum-classical (variational) model, where quantum output results are fed to the softmax activation function with the subsequent minimization of the cross entropy loss via optimizing the parameters of the quantum circuit. Our conceptional improvements here include a new model for a quantum perceptron and an optimized structure of the quantum circuit. We use the proposed approach to solve a 4-class classification problem for the case of the MNIST dataset using eight qubits for data encoding and four ancilla qubits; previous results have been obtained for 3-class classification problems. Our results show that the accuracy of our solution is similar to classical convolutional neural networks with comparable numbers of trainable parameters. We expect that our findings will provide a new step toward the use of quantum neural networks for solving relevant problems in the NISQ era and beyond.