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Bright Heralded Single-photon Source with Ideal Purity Based on Silicon Chip via Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing

Haoyang Wang, Huihong Yuan, Qiang Zeng, Lai Zhou, Haiqiang Ma, Zhiliang L. Yuan

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive an explicit theoretical limit of purity for any heralded single-photon source, and subsequently demonstrate the ideal purity on an unprecedentedly bright source exceeding 1.5 MHz coincidence rate with the lowest g h (2)(0) value of 0.000945.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2024.aw4h.3

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We derive the theoretical limit of single-photon purity of heralded single-photon sources and accordingly demonstrate a bright, gigahertz-pulsed heralded source with the purity saturating the limit. Based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon spiral waveguide, this on-chip source is measured to have a coincidence rate exceeding 1.5MHz at a coincidence to accidental (CAR) ratio of 16.77. The single-photon purity, quantified by the auto-correlation function gh(2)(0), reaches the theoretical limit with the lowest value of 0.00094 ± 0.00002 obtained at a coincidence rate of 0.8kHz. We attribute our results to effective spectral filtering as well as the coherent pump condition helped by optical injection locking.
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On-chip heralded single photon sources are of key importance in the development of chip-scale devices exploiting the quantum properties of light. Single photon states can be produced as single photons heralded from correlated photon pairs generated through spontaneous four wave mixing. On-chip heralded single photon sources based on spontaneous four wave mixing have been already demonstrated. However, the heralded and herald photons are usually generated with wavelengths very close to the pump one, limiting the pump rejection efficiency and the application to the mid infrared. Moreover, the common sources of heralded photons based on spontaneous four wave mixing require spectral post filtering to achieve high purity, limiting the brightness and the integration of these sources. A solution to these problems can be provided by intermodal four wave mixing. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of photon pairs through intermodal four wave mixing in silicon waveguides, measuring the coincidences between the idler at 1.281 μm and the signal at 1.952 μm. We then discuss the application of intermodal four wave mixing to on-chip heralded single photon sources.
While integrated photonics is a robust platform for quantum information processing, architectures for photonic quantum computing place stringent demands on high quality information carriers. Sources of single photons that are highly indistinguishable and pure, that are either near-deterministic or heralded with high efficiency, and that are suitable for mass-manufacture, have been elusive. Here, we demonstrate on-chip photon sources that simultaneously meet each of these requirements. Our photon sources are fabricated in silicon using mature processes, and exploit a dual-mode pump-delayed excitation scheme to engineer the emission of spectrally pure photon pairs through inter-modal spontaneous four-wave mixing in low-loss spiralled multi-mode waveguides. We simultaneously measure a spectral purity of 0.9904 ± 0.0006, a mutual indistinguishability of 0.987 ± 0.002, and >90% intrinsic heralding efficiency. We measure on-chip quantum interference with a visibility of 0.96 ± 0.02 between heralded photons from different sources.