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Boosted Linear-Optical Bell-State Measurements and their Applications

Matthias J. Bayerbach, Simone Evaldo D’Aurelio, Peter van Loock, Stefanie Barz

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the realization of a linear optical Bell-state measurement scheme, surpassing the 50 % bound success by utilising ancillary states in a linear-optical circuit and discuss possible applications.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fth3r.6

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Bell-state projections serve as a fundamental basis for most quantum communication and computing protocols today. However, with current Bell-state measurement schemes based on linear optics, only two of four Bell states can be identified, which means that the maximum success probability of this vital step cannot exceed 50%50\%50%. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that amends the original measurement with additional modes in the form of ancillary photons, which leads to a more complex measurement pattern, and ultimately a higher success probability of 62.5%62.5\%62.5%. Experimentally, we achieve a success probability of (57.9±1.4)%(57.9 \pm 1.4)\%(57.9±1.4)%, a significant improvement over the conventional scheme. With the possibility of extending the protocol to a larger number of ancillary photons, our work paves the way towards more efficient realisations of quantum technologies based on Bell-state measurements.
Bell-state projections serve as a fundamental basis for most quantum communication and computing protocols today. However, with current Bell-state measurement schemes based on linear optics, only two of four Bell states can be identified, which means that the maximum success probability of this vital step cannot exceed 50%. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that amends the original measurement with additional modes in the form of ancillary photons, which leads to a more complex measurement pattern, and ultimately a higher success probability of 62.5%. Experimentally, we achieve a success probability of (57.9 ± 1.4)%, a substantial improvement over the conventional scheme. With the possibility of extending the protocol to a larger number of ancillary photons, our work paves the way toward more efficient realizations of quantum technologies based on Bell-state measurements.
Abstract Quantum teleportation has proven to be fundamental for many quantum information and communication processes. The core concept can be exploited in many tasks, from the transmission of quantum states, quantum repeaters, to quantum computing. However, for linear-optical systems, the efficiency of teleportation is directly linked to the success probability of the involved Bell-state measurement (BSM). In most implementations, this is realized by linear optics with an intrinsically limited success probability of 50%. Here, we demonstrate quantum teleportation surpassing this limit. We achieve an average fidelity of the teleported states of 0.8677 ± 0.0024, leading to an overall acceptance rate of the teleportation of 69.71 ± 0.75%. We obtain this boosted success probability by generating ancillary photonic states that are interfered with the Bell states. Thus, our work demonstrates the boosting BSMs in quantum-technology applications and our scheme could directly be applied to, e.g., quantum repeaters.