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Characterization of Chirped Bragg Grating for Ultrafast Excitation of Rydberg Atoms

Arnab Maity, Takuya Matsubara, Tirumalasetty Panduranga Mahesh, Yuki Torii Chew, Takafumi Tomita, Sylvain de Léséleuc, Kenji Ohmori

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We precisely determine the chirp rate of a chirped Bragg grating, a highly dispersive optics with promising applications for spectral shaping of picosecond pulsed laser used for ultrafast Rydberg excitation.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.106

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Inherently quantum mechanical, transient nanostructures with dynamics on a picosecond time scale can be produced by controlling the quantum dynamics of Rydberg electrons. Ultrashort, tailored light pulses are used to build structures in position and/or momentum space from the wave function of an electron. The optimal laser pulses required to make these structures can be computed and synthesized in the laboratory. As an example, we present a structure consisting of five peaks which acts as a time-dependent grating and can be detected via ultrafast extreme ultraviolet diffraction.
Recently, the advances in generation and characterization techniques of ultrashort laser pulses made it practical to prepare precisely defined laser pulses, these open up new possibilities for studying and controlling dynamical processes in femtosecond time scale. Hitherto, frequency-synthesized or chirped laser pulses have been widely applied to high-order harmonic generation (HHG) [3], population transfer [4], multiphoton transitions between Rydberg states [5], ect. Both the interference of two-color pulses and the nontrivial time dependence of chirped pulse laser field may lead to very interesting results. Moreover, recent studies have manifested that chirping can also have much impacts on the laser pulses as it propagates through different medium. For example, the propagation properties of chirped soliton pulses in optical nonlinear Kenmedia were investigated by Desaix et al. [6]. The result indicates that the properties of asymptotically emerging solitons depend not only on the magnitude, but also on the form of the initial chirp. In particular, the splitting of an initial pulse into separating soliton pulse pairs only occurs for certain classes of initial chirp functions. The influence of pulse shape and frequency chirp on stability of optical solitons was studied by Klaus and Shaw [7]. They found that destabilization occurs when eigenvalues of an associated Zakharov-Shabat system, which move along the positive imaginary axis with increasing chirp parameter, either are absorbed into the lower half plane or collide with a nother eigenvalue. Furthermore, the signal and group velocities for chirped pulses propagating through a GaAs cavity were measured by Centini et al. [8]. They showed that the chirp substantially modifies the group velocity of the pulse, but leaves the signal velocity unaltered.
To realize a scalable source of frequency-multiplexed single photons, it is important to have an ensemble of quantum emitters that can be collectively excited with high efficiency. Semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential here, due to their excellent photophysical properties. The most efficient scheme to excite a quantum dot ensemble employs chirped laser pulses, relying on the so-called adiabatic rapid passage, is due to its robustness against spectral and intensity fluctuations. Yet, the existing methods to generate chirped laser pulses coupled to a quantum emitter are bulky, lossy, less flexible, and mechanically unstable, which severely hampers the prospects of a practical quantum dot device. Here, we present a compact, robust, and high-efficiency alternative for chirped pulse excitation of solid-state quantum emitters. Our simple plug-and-play module consists of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) that provide high dispersion, tailored to ~ 800 nm with a ~ 5 nm bandwidth that accommodates the quantum dot spectral variability. To characterize and benchmark the performance of our method, we demonstrate the chirped excitation of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot that shows excellent agreement with theoretical simulations and establish high-fidelity single-photon generation. Our method can be tailored for a wide spectral range and dispersion requirements and is a significant milestone toward realizing a direct fiber-coupled, plug-and-play quantum dot photon source.
A scalable source of single photons is a key constituent of an efficient quantum photonic architecture. To realize this, it is beneficial to have an ensemble of quantum emitters that can be collectively excited with high efficiency. Semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential in this context due to their excellent photophysical properties. Spectral variability of quantum dots is commonly regarded as a drawback introduced by the fabrication method. However, this is beneficial to realize a frequency-multiplexed single-photon platform. Chirped pulse excitation, relying on the so-called adiabatic rapid passage, is the most efficient scheme to excite a quantum dot ensemble due to its immunity to individual quantum dot parameters. Yet, the existing methods of generating chirped laser pulses to excite a quantum emitter are bulky, lossy, and mechanically unstable, which severely hampers the prospects of a quantum dot photon source. Here, we present a compact, robust, and high-efficiency alternative for chirped pulse excitation of solid-state quantum emitters. Our simple plug-and-play module consists of chirped fiber Bragg gratings, fabricated via femtosecond inscription, to provide high values of dispersion in the near-infrared spectral range, where the quantum dots emit. We characterize and benchmark the performance of our method via chirped excitation of a GaAs quantum dot, establishing high-fidelity single-photon generation. Our highly versatile chirping module coupled to a photon source is a significant milestone toward realizing practical quantum photonic devices.