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Signatures of dynamically dressed states

Katarina Boos, Sang Kyu Kim, Thomas K. Bracht, Friedrich Sbresny, Jan M. Kaspari, Moritz Cygorek, William Rauhaus, Carolin Calcagno, Jonathan James Finley, Doris E. Reiter, Kai Müller

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the observation of the complete resonance fluorescence emission spectrum of a single quantum two-level system driven by finite Gaussian pulses, consisting of the long-predicted characteristic Mollow triplet with multiple sidebands.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4f.7

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Signatures of Dynamically Dressed States

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The interaction of a resonant light field with a quantum two-level system is of key interest both for fundamental quantum optics and quantum technological applications employing resonant excitation. While emission under resonant continuous-wave excitation has been well studied, the more complex emission spectrum of dynamically dressed states-a quantum two-level system driven by resonant pulsed excitation-has so far been investigated in detail only theoretically. Here, we present the first experimental observation of the complete resonance fluorescence emission spectrum of a single quantum two-level system, in the form of an excitonic transition in a semiconductor quantum dot, driven by finite Gaussian pulses. We observe multiple emerging sidebands as predicted by theory, with an increase of their number and spectral detuning with excitation pulse intensity and a dependence of their spectral shape and intensity on the pulse length. Detuning-dependent measurements provide additional insights into the emission features. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations of the emission spectra, corroborating our findings.
The interaction of a resonant light field with a quantum two-level system is of key interest both for fundamental quantum optics and quantum technological applications employing resonant excitation. While emission under resonant continuous-wave excitation has been well-studied, the more complex emission spectrum of dynamically dressed states, a quantum two-level system driven by resonant pulsed excitation, has so far been investigated in detail only theoretically. Here, we present the first experimental observation of the complete resonance fluorescence emission spectrum of a single quantum two-level system, in form of an excitonic transition in a semiconductor quantum dot, driven by finite Gaussian pulses. We observe multiple emerging sidebands as predicted by theory with an increase of their number and spectral detuning with excitation pulse intensity and a dependence of their spectral shape and intensity on the pulse length. Detuning-dependent measurements provide additional insights into the emission features. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations of the emission spectra, corroborating our findings.
This study concerns the shape of the resonance fluorescence spectrum emitted by a V-type three-level atom driven by two coherent fields which are resonant with the transitions connecting the ground state and the second and third level, respectively. We are especially interested in monitoring the spontaneous emission from the top level to the ground state. If the field connecting levels 1 and 2 is absent or small, the spontaneous emission from level 3 is characterized by the standard Mollow spectrum. If instead the 1-2 transition is saturated, the spectrum of resonance fluorescence from the top level is characterized by the following signatures: (i) the appearance of sidebands due to Rabi splitting effects, (ii) a reduction of its integrated area because of coherent population trapping1, and (iii) a significant reduction of its linewidth if the natural lifetime of level 2 is longer than level 3. The latter effect is especially interesting and rather unexpected, as the decay properties of an optical transition are being transferred to another by controlling the relative magnitudes of the driving fields. We have carried out our calculations with the help of the regression theorem and also developed a simple physical interpretation in terms of appropriate dressed states2.