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Measurement of an ion’s motional state via qubit spectroscopy in an ion trap with integrated photonics

Alfredo Ricci Vásquez, Carmelo Mordini, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan Home

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method to generate spin-motion coupling in trapped ions by using state-dependent optical potentials from a phase-stable standing wave generated using integrated photonics in a surface-electrode trap. We employ this method to directly observe the motional state of an ion using qubit spectroscopy.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ftu3l.3

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In this work we study the interaction of trapped ions with a state-dependent, high-intensity optical lattice formed above an ion trap chip using integrated photonics. We use a single ion to map the optical potential landscape over many periods of the standing-wave field. For a single ion sitting in the centre of the lattice we observe a state-dependent trap-frequency shift of 2π×3.33(4)2π\times 3.33(4)2π×3.33(4) kHz, corresponding to a bare optical potential of 2π×76.8(5)2π\times 76.8(5)2π×76.8(5) kHz for the electronic ground state. We extend this to two ions, measuring state-dependent shifts of both axial modes. Additionally, using the internal-state dependence of the interaction, we perform a direct measurement of the energy distribution of the motion of a single ion using carrier spectroscopy. Improvements to the setup would allow to increase the state-dependent curvature by more than 50 times, providing a tool which can be utilised for motional state control, and multi-ion gates using optical potentials produced in a scalable fashion.
Multiplexed operations and extended coherent control over multiple trapping sites are fundamental requirements for a trapped-ion processor in a large-scale architecture. Here, we demonstrate these building blocks using a surface-electrode trap with integrated photonic components which are scalable to larger numbers of zones. We implement a Ramsey sequence using the integrated light in two zones, separated by 375 μ m , performing transport of the ion from one zone to the other in 200 μ s between pulses. In order to achieve low motional excitation during transport, we develop techniques to measure and mitigate the effect of the exposed dielectric surfaces used to deliver the integrated light to the ion. We also demonstrate simultaneous control of two ions in separate zones with low optical crosstalk and use this to perform simultaneous spectroscopy to correlate field noise between the two sites. Our work demonstrates the first transport and coherent multizone operations in integrated photonic ion trap systems, forming the basis for further scaling in the trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device architecture.
Monolithic integration of control technologies for atomic systems presents a promising route to the development of quantum computers and portable quantum sensors. Trapped atomic ions form the basis of high-fidelity quantum information processors and high-accuracy optical clocks, but currently rely on free-space optics for ion control, limiting portability and scalability. Here we demonstrate a surface-electrode ion trap which delivers all wavelengths required for ionization, cooling, coherent operations, and quantum-state preparation and detection of Sr+^{+}+ qubits using integrated waveguides and grating couplers. Laser light from the violet to the infrared is coupled onto the chip via an optical-fiber array, creating an inherently stable optical path that we use to demonstrate qubit coherence resilient to platform vibrations. This demonstration of CMOS-compatible integrated-photonic surface-trap fabrication, robust packaging, and enhanced qubit coherence represents a key advance in the development of portable trapped-ion quantum sensors and clocks, and it lights the way toward the complete, individual control of larger numbers of ions in quantum information processing systems.
We demonstrate a general method for state detection of trapped ions that can be applied to a large class of atomic and molecular species. We couple a spectroscopy ion (27Al+) to a control ion (25Mg+) in the same trap and perform state detection through off-resonant laser excitation of the spectroscopy ion that induces coherent motion. The motional amplitude, dependent on the spectroscopy ion state, is measured either by time-resolved photon counting or by resolved sideband excitations on the control ion. The first method provides a simplified way to distinguish clock states in 27Al+, which avoids ground-state cooling and sideband transitions. The second method reduces spontaneous emission and optical pumping on the spectroscopy ion, which we demonstrate by nondestructively distinguishing Zeeman sublevels in the (1)S0 ground state of 27Al+.
Abstract Monolithic integration of control technologies for atomic systems is a promising route to the development of quantum computers and portable quantum sensors1–4. Trapped atomic ions form the basis of high-fidelity quantum information processors5, 6 and high-accuracy optical clocks7. However, current implementations rely on free-space optics for ion control, which limits their portability and scalability. Here we demonstrate a surface-electrode ion-trap chip8, 9 using integrated waveguides and grating couplers, which delivers all the wavelengths of light required for ionization, cooling, coherent operations and quantum state preparation and detection of Sr+ qubits. Laser light from violet to infrared is coupled onto the chip via an optical-fibre array, creating an inherently stable optical path, which we use to demonstrate qubit coherence that is resilient to platform vibrations. This demonstration of CMOS-compatible integrated photonic surface-trap fabrication, robust packaging and enhanced qubit coherence is a key advance in the development of portable trapped-ion quantum sensors and clocks, providing a way towards the complete, individual control of larger numbers of ions in quantum information processing systems.