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Physical Review A

Quantum weak torque sensing with squeezed optomechanics

Jie Wang, Qian Zhang, Hui Jing

Published Sep 3, 2024• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum-enhanced cavity optomechanical (COM) sensors, utilizing quantum resources, have become powerful tools for precisely measuring a wide range of physical quantities, from gravitational waves to accelerations. However, quantum-enhanced COM torque sensing remains an area of exploration. In this work, we show that utilizing quantum squeezing can suppress the quantum noise of a COM torque sensor below the standard quantum limit. We theoretically predict that our COM torque sensor can achieve an approximately 20-dB quantum advantage by optimizing the homodyne detection. Our approach is compatible with available engineering techniques of advanced COM sensors, with potential applications ranging from nanoscale magnetism to the quantum geometric phase.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.033505

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Quantum-enhanced cavity optomechanical (COM) sensors, utilizing quantum resources, have become powerful tools for precisely measuring a wide range of physical quantities, from gravitational waves to accelerations. However, quantum-enhanced COM torque sensing remains an area of exploration. In this work, we show that utilizing quantum squeezing can suppress the quantum noise of a COM torque sensor below the standard quantum limit. We theoretically predict that our COM torque sensor can achieve an approximately 20-dB quantum advantage by optimizing the homodyne detection. Our approach is compatible with available engineering techniques of advanced COM sensors, with potential applications ranging from nanoscale magnetism to the quantum geometric phase.
Cavity optomechanical (COM) sensors, enhanced by quantum squeezing or entanglement, have become powerful tools for measuring ultra-weak forces with high precision and sensitivity. However, these sensors usually rely on linear COM couplings, a fundamental limitation when measurements of the mechanical energy are desired. Very recently, a giant enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio was predicted in a quadratic COM system. Here we show that the performance of such a system can be further improved surpassing the standard quantum limit by using quantum squeezed light. Our approach is compatible with available engineering techniques of advanced COM sensors and provides new opportunities for using COM sensors in tests of fundamental laws of physics and quantum metrology applications.
Cavity optomechanical systems have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sensing. Quantum mechanics imposes a standard quantum limit (SQL) on the force-sensitivity for the standard homodyne phase quadrature measurement of the cavity's output field. In this paper, we investigate ways to enhance weak force sensitivity beyond SQL by employing a variational homodyne quadrature readout and quantum squeezing. Our study reveals a remarkable improvement in the force sensitivity of a cavity optomechanical sensor at a suitable homodyne angle, compared with standard phase quadrature detection of the cavity output field within a specific frequency band. We further demonstrate improved force sensitivity via intra-cavity squeezing (ICS) or injected external squeezing (IES) of the cavity mode. Both variational homodyne readout and quantum squeezing induce quantum correlations between the amplitude and phase quadratures of the cavity's output field, thereby improving force sensitivity. Our results suggest that IES is preferable to ICS for sub-SQL force sensing with system stability and lower probe power requirements. The squeezing-enhanced variational homodyne detection scheme can enable high-precision quantum sensing across various hybrid quantum platforms.
Cavity optomechanical (COM) sensors, featuring efficient light–motion couplings, have been widely used for ultrasensitive measurements of various physical quantities ranging from displacements to accelerations or weak forces. Previous works, however, have mainly focused on reciprocal COM systems. Here, we propose how to further improve the performance of quantum COM sensors by breaking reciprocal symmetry in purely quantum regime. Specifically, we consider a spinning COM resonator and show that by selectively driving it in opposite directions, highly nonreciprocal optical squeezing can emerge, which in turn provides an efficient way to surpass the standard quantum limit which is otherwise unattainable for the corresponding reciprocal devices. Our work confirms that breaking reciprocal symmetry, already achieved in diverse systems well beyond spinning systems, can serve as a new strategy to further enhance the abilities of advanced quantum sensors, for applications ranging from testing fundamental physical laws to practical quantum metrology.
Cavity optomechanical (COM) sensors, featuring efficient light-motion couplings, have been widely used for ultra sensitive measurements of various physical quantities ranging from displacements to accelerations or weak forces. Previous works, however, have mainly focused on reciprocal COM systems. Here, we propose how to further improve the performance of quantum COM sensors by breaking reciprocal symmetry in purely quantum regime. Specifically, we consider a spinning COM resonator and show that by selectively driving it in opposite directions, highly nonreciprocal optical squeezing can emerge, which in turn provides an efficient way to surpass the standard quantum limit that otherwise exists in conventional reciprocal devices. Our work confirms that breaking reciprocal symmetry, already achieved in diverse systems well beyond spinning systems, can serve as a new strategy to further enhance the abilities of advanced quantum sensors, for applications ranging from testing fundamental physical laws to practical quantum metrology.
We investigate the enhancement in sensitivity when measuring a weak force through the optical response of an optomechanical oscillator driven by squeezed light. In the context of a quantum sensor based on cavity-optomechanics, the sensitivity scaling measured by the quantum Fisher information for a squeezed vacuum state pump is compared to that for a coherent state pump. We show that squeezed state inputs can produce noise levels below the standard quantum limit and even the Heisenberg limit in given regimes. This study shows that new pathways can be opened for enhanced quantum sensing with optomechanical systems conducive to measuring various physical quantities such as gravitational force, acceleration, and acoustics.
This work introduces a quantum-enhanced torque sensing methodology utilizing coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC) within a hybrid optomechanical architecture termed the auxiliary coupled Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) optorotational cavity. The setup comprises a primary rotational cavity supporting an LG optical mode interacting with a rotating mirror, alongside an auxiliary op- tical resonator embedding an effective two-level atomic ensemble that emulates a negative mass oscillator. Photon-hopping mediated inter-cavity coupling facilitates phase-coherent energy exchange, enabling engineered interference pathways that mitigate quantum back-action noise-the principal quantum limit in precision torque transduction. Through analytical derivation and spectral response analysis, we demonstrate that this configuration facilitates torque sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit (SQL) across a wide frequency band. The integration of heterodyne CQNC offers a tunable detection bandwidth, positioning the system as a strong candidate for high-precision metrology and quantum-limited force sensing applications. These results pave the way for developing advanced quantum torque sensors, thereby furthering both theoretical research and practical measurement methodologies.