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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Phase-dependent Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect for the complete measurement of the complex coherence function

Xuan Tang, Yunxiao Zhang, Xueshi Guo, Cui Liang, Xiaoying Li, Z. Y. Ou

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the incoming thermal fields are mixed with weak coherent reference fields. The complex second-order coherence function of the input thermal fields can be extracted.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qm4a.1

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Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry. However, it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect. Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing intensity-matched reference fields with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement. With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field, we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations. Moreover, we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field. Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and interferometric imaging with applications in long baseline high-resolution astronomy.
Abstract Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry. However, it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect. Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing a reference field with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement. With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field, we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations. Moreover, we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field. Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and coherent imaging.
From quantum point of view, Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is a result of constructive-destructive two-photon interference. There should be no Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect if there was no two-photon interference. In this paper, we observed Hanbury Brown- Twiss effect in a specially designed experiment, in which two-photon interference is impossible by keeping only one two-photon probability amplitude in the experimental scheme. However, our experimental results can still be interpreted by Glauber's quantum optical coherence theory. The researches in our paper are helpful to understand the physics of the second-order coherence of light, especially the physics of Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect of multi-spatial-mode thermal light is obtained at ultrashort timescale by two-photon-absorption (TPA) in a semiconductor photon-counting module. A characteristic spectrum, due to the interference in multi-mode fiber, is observed directly in TPA detector for the first time. To analyze the output of such measurement, a theoretical model based on the Feynman's path-integral theory is built, which makes the contribution of related item and the corresponding spectral component match very well. In addition, by introducing an all-optical method into the current HBT apparatus, one can obtain the concerned second-order coherence spectrum directly without any postprocessing. This result may be helpful to develop ultrafast detection for the intensity interferometer with natural light. Meanwhile, the observation of HBT effect of multi-mode interference offers a new detection method for the optical fiber sensors.