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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Spin Squeezing Process for Surface Electrons over Liquid Helium

Manish Chaudhary

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the process of the entanglement generation in the spin qubits for electrons floating over liquid Helium. This is achieved by coupling two spins of the electrons with the collective phonon mode of surface vibration. This coupling is useful in realizing Mølmer-Sørensen gate that is used in generating entangled states.

DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qtu3a.6

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In this paper, we analyze the process of the entanglement generation in the spin qubits for electrons floating over liquid Helium. This is achieved by coupling two spins of the electrons with the collective phonon mode of surface vibration. This coupling is useful in realizing Mølmer-Sørensen gate that is used in generating entangled states.
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Numerous physical systems have been proposed for constructing quantum computers, but formidable obstacles stand in the way of making even modest systems with a few hundred quantum bits (qubits). Several approaches utilize the spin of an electron as the qubit. Here it is suggested that the spin of electrons floating on the surface of liquid helium will make excellent qubits. These electrons can be electrostatically held and manipulated much like electrons in semiconductor heterostructures, but being in a vacuum the spins on helium suffer much less decoherence. In particular, the spin-orbit interaction is reduced so that moving the qubits with voltages applied to gates has little effect on their coherence. Remaining sources of decoherence are considered, and it is found that coherence times for electron spins on helium can be expected to exceed 100s100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}100s. It is shown how to obtain a controlled-NOT operation between two qubits using the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction.
The system of electrons on liquid helium is an interesting candidate to implement quantum computation, due to the long coherence times of the qubits encoded by the electronic spins. In order to implement the quantum logic operations between the spins, we propose here a configuration, similarly to the cooled ions in a trap, to couple the distant electrons via manipulating their center of mass (CM) vibrations. First, we show that the electrons could be confined in a common harmonic oscillator potential by using an electrostatic field. Then, with a single current pulse (applied on the micro-electrode below the liquid helium) the distant electronic spins can be coupled simultaneously to the CM mode. Finally, by adiabatically eliminating the CM mode, effective interaction between the distant spins is induced for implementing the desired quantum computing.
In this review, we introduce a developing qubit platform: floating-electron-based qubits. Electrons floating in a vacuum above the surface of liquid helium or solid neon emerge as promising candidates for qubits, especially due to their expected long coherence times. Despite being in the early stages, a variety of recent experiments from different groups have shown substantial potential in this role. We survey a range of theoretical proposals and recent experiments, primarily focusing on the use of the spin state as the qubit state, wherein the spin and charge states are hybridized. Throughout these proposals and experiments, the charge state is coupled to an LC resonator, which facilitates both the control and readout mechanisms for the spin state via an artificially introduced spin–charge coupling.