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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Investigation of Multi-pass Cells for Field-widened Time-bin Interferometers

Ramy Tannous, Thomas D. Jennewein

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the work of investigating the use of multi-pass cells for field-widened time-bin interferometers of long time delays.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qw3a.51

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Interference of optical signals in free-space channels requires optical receivers to support many spatial modes due to atmospheric turbulence, typically necessitating adaptive optics systems. Field-widened interferometers offer a passive alternative, making them particularly attractive for time-bin encoded signals with delays on the order of one nanosecond. Here, we demonstrate a field-widened, multimode interferometer design that achieves a high interference visibility for spatially multimode beams with large time bin separations. The interference of the multimode beams is enabled using a multi-pass Herriott cell that enables a very long path separation with a small form-factor. The design is tested using both numerical ray-tracing simulations and proof-of-principle demonstrations. We create a prototype interferometer with a path length difference of 12ns and determine that it maintains a high interference visibility with a large field-of-view of 0.4∘0.4^{\circ}0.4∘.
Interference of time-bin encoded signals over free-space optical channels typically requires stringent mode filtering on receivers due to wavefront distortions from atmospheric turbulence, conventionally addressed with adaptive optics. Passive multimode receivers based on field-widened interferometers present a compelling alternative, enabling direct interference without the overhead of wavefront correction. We demonstrate a field-widened interferometer design that is implemented solely with reflective surfaces and achieves a high interference visibility (greater than 0.97) for spatially multimode beams. The interference of the multimode beams is enabled by two imaging systems that consist of a cavity configuration between a spherical concave mirror and a flat mirror. The configuration enables small form-factors, is inherently achromatic, and is based on standard spherical mirrors which reduces the complexity of the system. The interferometer is applicable for spatially multimode and turbulent optical channels, such as satellite communication, and is designed for quantum systems that use time-bin encoded qubits.
We present a method to characterize and optimize a tapered-amplifier laser system (TALS) by its spectral quality through a long multi-pass rubidium absorption cell. A thermal vapor cell is used to measure the non-resonant spectrum of TALS, including the broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), which is its main spectral noise. This method gives a simple quantified measurement to optimize various working parameters of a TA, including current and temperature online. It can as well be used to compare various TA chips based on their usage time during our precision measurement experiments. The results of this method are compared and found in sync with traditional methods of Fabry-Perot cavity and beat measurements. Such characterization and optimization are important for noise control in atom interferometers, atomic clocks, and other atomic manipulations. It can very well be used for investigating nonlinearity and ASE inside amplifying chips and can be utilized in other applications of ASE using bioimaging.