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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Tunable near-degenerate frequency conversion using doped photonic crystal fibre

Leah R. Murphy, Mateusz J. Olszewski, Petros Androvitsaneas, Will A. M. Smith, Anthony J. Bennett, Peter J. Mosley, Alex O. C. Davis

Published Jul 14, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Future quantum communication networks will rely on the ability to coherently transfer quantum information between different wavelength bands. Coherent frequency conversion in optical fibre by Bragg-scattering fourwave mixing is a promising route to achieving this, but requires fibres with precise dispersion control and broadband transmission at signal, target and pump wavelengths. Here we introduce a photonic crystal fibre with a germania-doped core, for which the group velocities at 1550 nm and 920 nm are approximately matched, with good optical guidance even at long wavelengths. With low chromatic walk-off, large lengths of this fibre can be used to achieve frequency conversion between two wavelengths several nanometers apart in the GaAs quantum dot emission band. We demonstrate this with up to 78% internal conversion efficiency by pumping with two nearby C-band wavelengths. By cascading this interaction, we also show the generation of a frequency comb. We further demonstrate the potential of this fibre for downconversion between the GaAs dot band and telecoms C-band.

DOI
10.1109/icton62926.2024.10647265

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Future quantum communication networks will rely on the ability to coherently transfer quantum information between different wavelength bands. Coherent frequency conversion in optical fibre by Bragg-scattering fourwave mixing is a promising route to achieving this, but requires fibres with precise dispersion control and broadband transmission at signal, target and pump wavelengths. Here we introduce a photonic crystal fibre with a germania-doped core, for which the group velocities at 1550 nm and 920 nm are approximately matched, with good optical guidance even at long wavelengths. With low chromatic walk-off, large lengths of this fibre can be used to achieve frequency conversion between two wavelengths several nanometers apart in the GaAs quantum dot emission band. We demonstrate this with up to 78% internal conversion efficiency by pumping with two nearby C-band wavelengths. By cascading this interaction, we also show the generation of a frequency comb. We further demonstrate the potential of this fibre for downconversion between the GaAs dot band and telecoms C-band.
Future quantum networks will rely on the ability to coherently transfer optically encoded quantum information between different wavelength bands. Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing in optical fiber is a promising route to achieving this, but requires fibers with precise dispersion control and broadband transmission at signal, target, and pump wavelengths. Here, we introduce a photonic crystal fiber with a germanium-doped core featuring group velocity matching at 1550 nm, the telecoms C-band, and 920 nm, within the emission range of efficient single photon sources based on InAs quantum dots. With low chromatic walk-off and good optical guidance even at long wavelengths, large lengths of this fiber are used to achieve nanometer-scale frequency shifts between wavelengths around 920 nm with up to 79.4% internal conversion efficiency, allowing dissimilar InAs dots to be interfaced. We also show how cascading this frequency conversion can be used to generate a frequency comb away from telecoms wavelengths. Finally, we use the fiber to demonstrate tunable frequency conversion of weak classical signals around 918 nm to the telecoms C-band.
Large-scale quantum networks comprise various components such as photon sources and transmission lines, which operate at diverse wavelengths. The optimal transmission window through solid silica optical fibre is around 1.55 μm while efficient single-photon sources based on InAs quantum dots (QDs) operate in the range of 900–950 nm [1]. High indistinguishability between photons is also required to realise many quantum information technologies but any two dots seldom emit at the same exact wavelength [2] and sending photons through a quantum network may distort their spectra. Parametric nonlinear processes, such as Bragg-Scattering four wave mixing (BS-FWM), enable frequency conversion of photons while preserving their quantum properties [3],[4].
Abstract Low-noise frequency conversion of single photons is a critical tool in establishing fibre-based quantum networks. We show that a single photonic crystal fibre can achieve frequency conversion by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing of source photons from an ultra-broad wavelength range by engineering a symmetric group velocity profile. Furthermore, we discuss how pump tuning can mitigate realistic discrepancies in device fabrication. This enables a single highly adaptable frequency conversion interface to link disparate nodes in a quantum network via the telecoms band.
We report a resource-efficient scheme in which a single pump laser was used to achieve frequency conversion by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber. We demonstrate bidirectional conversion of coherent light between Sr+ P1/2 - D3/2 emission wavelength at 1092 nm and the telecommunication C band with conversion efficiencies of 4.2 % and 37 % for up- and down-conversion, respectively. We discuss how the scheme may be viably scaled to meet the temporal, spectral and polarisation stability requirements of a hybrid light-matter quantum network.
We report a resource-efficient scheme in which a single pump laser was used to achieve frequency conversion by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber. We demonstrate bidirectional conversion of coherent light between S r + 2 P 1 / 2 → 2 D 3 / 2 emission wavelength at 1092 nm and the telecommunication C band with conversion efficiencies of 4.2% and 37% for up- and down-conversion, respectively. We discuss how the scheme may be viably scaled to meet the temporal, spectral, and polarization stability requirements of a hybrid light–matter quantum network.
Quantum frequency conversion of single photons between wavelength bands is a key enabler to realizing widespread quantum networks. We demonstrate the quantum frequency conversion of a heralded 1551 nm photon to any wavelength within an ultrabroad (1226-1408 nm) range in a group-velocity-symmetric photonic crystal fiber, covering over 150 independent frequency bins. The target wavelength is controlled by tuning only a single pump laser wavelength. We find internal, and total, conversion efficiencies of 12(1)% and 1.4(2)%, respectively. For the case of converting 1551 to 1300 nm we measure a heralded g^{(2)}(0)=0.25(6) for converted light from an input with g^{(2)}(0)=0.034(8). We expect that this photonic crystal fiber can be used for myriad quantum networking tasks.