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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Grating chip design for miniature optical dipole trap system

Junyi Duan, Yumeng Zhu, Shiming Wei, Minghao Yao, Zhilong Yu, Jifeng Qu, Yadong Zhou, Xiaochi Liu

Published Jul 8, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper describes a primary design of grating chip for optical dipole trapping rubidium atoms. The chip is expected to achieve both magneto-optical traps and optical dipole trap simultaneously. The focus properties and diffraction efficiency of chip is analyzed to effectively constrain neutral Rb atoms in a dipole trap forming by a far resonance Gaussian beam. This miniature optical trap design can be used for application of compact quantum precision measurement system.

DOI
10.1109/cpem61406.2024.10646004

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This paper describes a primary design of grating chip for optical dipole trapping rubidium atoms. The chip is expected to achieve both magneto-optical traps and optical dipole trap simultaneously. The focus properties and diffraction efficiency of chip is analyzed to effectively constrain neutral Rb atoms in a dipole trap forming by a far resonance Gaussian beam. This miniature optical trap design can be used for application of compact quantum precision measurement system.
This research presents the theoretical demonstration of a grating chip that can facilitate a miniature dipole trap system for rubidium atoms. The innovative chip design is expected to form both a magneto-optical trap and a dipole trap with a single laser. The paper further examines the dependence of the chip’s focusing properties and diffraction efficiency on its structural parameters. Findings confirm the proposed design’s ability to effectively trap atoms. The research also proposes a compact vacuum chamber design compatible with the grating chip. This design incorporates a non-evaporable getter and dispenser, utilizing materials with minimal outgassing and helium permeation rates.
Compared with the conventional three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT), the grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) enables the cooling and trapping of atoms with only a single beam of light, thereby significantly reducing the overall volume of the device. Here, a grating chip with high diffraction efficiency is designed, and its parameters are optimized through simulations, which effectively suppresses the power of the zero-order diffracted light. Subsequently, the grating chip is fabricated and characterized, and using this chip, we successfully trap 1.7×106 atoms. The temperatures of the atomic cloud in the axial and radial directions are 5.6 mK and 17.0 mK, respectively. The successful implementation of the atom cooling and trapping experiment based on the diffraction grating provides important reference for the miniaturization of cold atom-based quantum sensors.
Grating-based structures have recently been used as components of magneto-optical traps (MOT) to simplify the setup for trapping Rb atoms. Here, we design diffractive chips to trap more than one atom species. Our full-wave simulations show that a two-dimensional (2D) grating chip can simultaneously have high force-balancing efficiency for a wavelength of 780 nm for trapping Rb atoms and a wavelength of 852 nm for Cs atoms. We fabricated and characterized a mm-scale grating chip using electron-beam lithography, and are in the process of trapping experiments. Our work opens the door to compact multi-species MOTs.
An on-chip multigrating device is proposed to interface single atoms and integrated photonic circuits, by guiding and focusing lasers to the area $\ensuremath{\sim}10 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ above the chip for trapping, state manipulation, and readout of single rubidium atoms. For the optical dipole trap, two 850-nm laser beams are diffracted and overlapped to form the lattice of a single-atom dipole trap, with the diameter of the optical dipole trap being around 2.7 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Similar gratings are designed for guiding a 780-nm probe laser to excite and also collect the fluorescence of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. Such a device provides a compact solution for future applications of single atoms, including the single-photon source, single-atom quantum register, and single-atom quantum sensor.