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Physical Review A

Many-body suppression of optically induced inelastic scattering in a weakly interacting Fermi gas near a Fano-Feshbach resonance

Camen A. Royse, J. Huang, John E. Thomas

Published Aug 20, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We derive a model to explain the observed suppression of optically induced loss in a weakly interacting Fermi gas as the $s$-wave scattering length is increased [C. A. Royse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 083404 (2024)]. We incorporate spin-dependent loss into a quasiclassical collective spin vector model to show that loss suppression occurs via a transition to a magnetized dynamical state, where two-body $s$-wave scattering is inhibited via the Pauli principle. By comparing measurements in mixtures and coherently prepared samples, we show that the data are quantitatively explained by the model, which is applicable to the optical control of energy-space lattices for new quantum simulators.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.023322

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We derive a model to explain the observed suppression of optically induced loss in a weakly interacting Fermi gas as the sss-wave scattering length is increased [C. A. Royse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 083404 (2024)]. We incorporate spin-dependent loss into a quasiclassical collective spin vector model to show that loss suppression occurs via a transition to a magnetized dynamical state, where two-body sss-wave scattering is inhibited via the Pauli principle. By comparing measurements in mixtures and coherently prepared samples, we show that the data are quantitatively explained by the model, which is applicable to the optical control of energy-space lattices for new quantum simulators.
We observe strong dynamical suppression of optically induced loss in a weakly interacting Fermi gas as the s-wave scattering length is increased. A single trapped cigar-shaped cloud behaves as a large spin lattice in energy space with a tunable Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The loss suppression occurs as the lattice transitions into a magnetized state, where the fermionic nature of the atoms inhibits interactions. The data are quantitatively explained by incorporating spin-dependent loss into a quasiclassical collective spin vector model, the success of which enables the application of optical control of effective long-range interactions to this system.
The Fano effect [U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)] shows that an inelastic scattering process can be suppressed when the output channel (OC) is coupled to an isolated bound state. The Fano effect was originally derived via a first-order perturbation treatment for coupling between the incident channel (IC) and the OC. In this paper, we first generalize the Fano effect to systems with arbitrarily strong IC-OC couplings. We analytically prove that, in a system with one IC and one OC, when the interatomic interaction potentials are real functions of the interatomic distance, the exact sss-wave inelastic scattering amplitude can always be suppressed to zero by coupling between the IC or the OC (or both of them) and an extra isolated bound state. We further investigate the application of this generalized Fano effect for the suppression of two-body collisional losses of ultracold atoms and show that when the low-energy inelastic collision between two ultracold atoms is suppressed by this effect, the real part of the elastic scattering length between the atoms is still capable of being much larger than the range of interatomic interaction. In addition, when open scattering channels are coupled to two bound states, with the help of the Fano effect, independent control of the elastic and inelastic scattering amplitudes of two ultracold atoms can be achieved. Possible experimental realizations of our scheme are also discussed.
We study a spin-polarized degenerate Fermi gas interacting via a p-wave Feshbach resonance in an optical lattice. The strong confinement available in this system allows us to realize one- and two-dimensional gases and, therefore, to restrict the asymptotic scattering states of atomic collisions. When aligning the atomic spins along (or perpendicular to) the axis of motion in a one-dimensional gas, scattering into channels with the projection of the angular momentum of /m/ = 1 (or m = 0) can be inhibited. In two and three dimensions, we observe the doublet structure of the p-wave Feshbach resonance. For both the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional gases, we find a shift of the position of the resonance with increasing confinement due to the change in collisional energy. In a three-dimensional optical lattice, the losses on the Feshbach resonance are completely suppressed.
We report experimental realization of the space-dependent interaction by optical controlled narrow ppp-wave magnetic Feshbach resonance in a 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K Fermi gas. A space varied optical field at the tune-out wavelength is applied to illuminate the atomic sample, which drives the bound-to-bound molecular transition to shift the energy of a closed-channel molecule state. Due to the position varied atomic interaction induced by the different laser intensity distribution across the entire Fermi atom cloud, the space-dependent atomic loss rate is observed. This scheme provides a control technique to study the Fermi gas with the space-dependent atomic ppp-wave interaction, and has great potential in quantum simulation.
We propose a general method for optical control of magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold atomic gases with more than one molecular state in an energetically closed channel. Using two optical frequencies to couple two states in the closed channel, inelastic loss arising from spontaneous emission is greatly suppressed by destructive quantum interference at the two-photon resonance, i.e., dark-state formation, while the scattering length is widely tunable by varying the frequencies and/or intensities of the optical fields. This technique is of particular interest for a two-component atomic Fermi gas, which is stable near a Feshbach resonance.
We systematically studied the two-body loss in a two-component Fermi gas of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms near a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance. The two-body loss rate constants were measured for various temperatures and magnetic fields using atoms trapped in three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional traps. Our results were nicely reproduced by a theoretical model that incorporates the two-body loss as an imaginary part to the inverse of the scattering volume in the scattering amplitude expression. The observed loss suppression in quasi-two-dimensional traps may provide a promising strategy to realize a ppp-wave superfluid in a system of ultracold atoms.