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APS March Meeting Abstracts

High-Fidelity, Low-Loss State Detection of Alkali Atoms in Optical Tweezers

Matthew N. H. Chow, Bethany Little, Yuan‐Yu Jau

Published May 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Overview: Alkali atoms in tweezers are a promising platform, but are limited by detection.2 Goal: Perform high-fidelity, low-loss readout of neutral atoms in tweezers.
DOI
10.2172/2431794

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We demonstrate the discrimination of ground-state hyperfine manifolds of a cesium atom in an optical tweezer using a simple probe beam with $99.{91}_{\ensuremath{-}0.02}^{+0.02}$% detection fidelity and 0.9(2)% detection-driven loss of bright-state atoms. Our detection infidelity of $0.{09}_{\ensuremath{-}0.02}^{+0.02}$% is an order of magnitude better than previously published low-loss readout results for alkali-metal atoms in optical tweezers. We achieve these results by identifying and mitigating an extra depumping mechanism due to stimulated Raman transitions induced by trap light in the presence of probe light. In this work, complex optical systems and stringent vacuum pressures are not required, enabling straightforward adoption of our techniques on contemporary experiments.
Neutral atom arrays have seen tremendous progress in quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, hardware constraints such as atom loss and heating remain significant challenges. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive ancilla-based toolbox for optical tweezer experiments that utilizes high-fidelity Rydberg entangling gates and ancilla atoms to mitigate these physical limitations. First, we demonstrate repeated ancilla-based atom readout, achieving improved detection fidelity over multiple rounds with minimal perturbation to data atoms. Second, leveraging the quantized motional states in tweezer-trapped strontium atoms, we transduce quantum information from the electronic to the motional manifold. This enables us to perform mid-circuit ancilla-based atom loss detection in a coherence-preserving fashion. Finally, we demonstrate algorithmic cooling, a circuit-based sequence that deterministically cools data atoms by transferring their motional entropy to the electronic states of ancilla atoms. We observe a marked reduction in the atomic temperature of data atoms. These tools offer a pathway to continuous operation in tweezer clocks and complement recent developments in continuous reloading experiments.
Engineering controllable, strongly interacting many-body quantum systems is at the frontier of quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Arrays of laser-cooled neutral atoms in optical tweezers have emerged as a promising platform because of their flexibility and the potential for strong interactions via Rydberg states. Existing neutral atom array experiments utilize alkali atoms, but alkaline-earth atoms offer many advantages in terms of coherence and control, and also open the door to new applications in precision measurement and time keeping. In this Letter, we present a technique to trap individual alkaline-earth-like ytterbium (Yb) atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The narrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} intercombination line is used for both cooling and imaging in a magic-wavelength optical tweezer at 532 nm. The low Doppler temperature allows for imaging near the saturation intensity, resulting in a very high atom detection fidelity. We demonstrate the imaging fidelity concretely by observing rare (<1 in 10^{4} images) spontaneous quantum jumps into and out of a metastable state. We also demonstrate stochastic loading of atoms into a two-dimensional, 144-site tweezer array. This platform will enable advances in quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. The demonstrated narrow-line Doppler imaging may also be applied in tweezer arrays or quantum gas microscopes using other atoms with similar transitions, such as erbium and dysprosium.