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Optics and Spectroscopy

Collisions of Spin-Polarized Alkali Na and Cs Atoms in the Ground State

Victor A. Kartoshkin

Published Feb 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The paper considers collisions involving spin polarized alkali Na and Cs atoms in the ground state. The complex cross sections for spin exchange and the elastic scattering cross sections of the considered atoms are calculated in the energy range from 10–4 to 10–2 a.u.
DOI
10.1134/s0030400x24020103

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Collisions of alkali-metal atoms in the ground state with the electron spin S = 1/2 are accompanied by exchange of electron coordinates between colliding particles, which leads to polarization transfer between them (i.e., to the well-known phenomenon of spin exchange). In addition, along with the polarization transfer from one partner to another, the magnetic resonance lines of colliding atoms are broadened and shifted in spin-exchange collisions. In particular the last two processes depend on the complex spin-exchange cross section. The real part of the cross section determines the so-called "spin-exchange cross section," which is responsible for the broadening of magnetic resonance lines, while the imaginary part determines the shift cross section, which governs the frequency shift of magnetic resonance. In order to describe the spin-exchange process one have to know complex spin-exchange cross sections. Complex spin-exchange cross sections are calculated on the basis of the data on the singlet (X 1 Σ + ) and triplet (a 3 Σ + ) potentials describing the interaction alkali-metal atoms in the ground state. Collisions of alkali-metal atoms Cs, Rb, K, Na in the ground state are considered in the energy interval of 10 −4 −10 −2 au.
The interaction of alkali K and Rb atoms that reside in the ground state is considered in the range of collision energies E = 10−4 to 10−2 au. The singlet (X 1Σ+) and triplet (a 3Σ+) interaction potentials available in the literature are analyzed and modified. For the KRb dimer in the range of interatomic distances 15–21a 0, we chose analytical representations of the singlet and triplet potentials that more accurately describe the interaction of alkali Rb and K atoms in the ground state. Complex cross sections of the spin exchange are calculated for the first time that permit one to calculate the processes of polarization transfer and relaxation times, as well as shifts in the magnetic resonance frequencies caused by K-Rb spin exchange collisions.
We present measurements of differential elastic cross sections for various alkali-alkali pairs, as well as the angular dependence of the probability of electron spin exchange in these collisions. The resolution is sufficient to reveal interference structure in the angular dependence of both quantities. We describe our apparatus, which polarizes one incident beam and analyzes the polarization of the scattered atoms, and discuss the measurement and data-reduction procedures. Results are presented in the range 0.1-0.2 eV for the systems Na-Cs, Na-Rb, Na-K, K-Cs, and K-Rb.