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Kalpa publications in computing

Investigation of Quantum Antenna Process for Advanced Wireless Communication systems by implementing Quantum Key Distribution algorithms

Prasad Kasigari, Gayathri Kamasani, Gopisriya Kavanoor, Baba Shareef Muntimadugu, Abubakar Shaik

Published Aug 6, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The forthcoming age of communication systems requires increased security, faster processing, and simpler encryption techniques. Quantum information and communication technology offer a revolutionary era featuring high-speed and inherently secure networks. With the looming prospect of quantum supremacy, traditional encryption systems face potential obsolescence in terms of security. In response to this challenge, quantum key distribution (QKD) emerges as an innovative solution for exchanging secret keys in a quantum based manner, addressing the limitations of conventional encryption methods. Within the proposed work, the focus extends to the implementation of a MIMO- QKD scheme tailored for terahertz (THz) frequency applications. The paper provides a comprehensive examination of both single-antenna QKD schemes and the performance of the MIMO QKD scheme. Simulation results underscore the indispensability of multiple antennas to mitigate the substantial free-space path loss encountered at THz frequencies.

DOI
10.29007/7cwl

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The forthcoming age of communication systems requires increased security, faster processing, and simpler encryption techniques. Quantum information and communication technology offer a revolutionary era featuring high-speed and inherently secure networks. With the looming prospect of quantum supremacy, traditional encryption systems face potential obsolescence in terms of security. In response to this challenge, quantum key distribution (QKD) emerges as an innovative solution for exchanging secret keys in a quantum based manner, addressing the limitations of conventional encryption methods. Within the proposed work, the focus extends to the implementation of a MIMO- QKD scheme tailored for terahertz (THz) frequency applications. The paper provides a comprehensive examination of both single-antenna QKD schemes and the performance of the MIMO QKD scheme. Simulation results underscore the indispensability of multiple antennas to mitigate the substantial free-space path loss encountered at THz frequencies.
We propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme for terahertz (THz) frequency applications operating at room temperature. Motivated by classical MIMO communications, a transmit-receive beamforming scheme is proposed that converts the rank-rrr MIMO channel between Alice and Bob into rrr parallel lossy quantum channels. Compared with existing single-antenna QKD schemes, we demonstrate that the MIMO QKD scheme leads to performance improvements by increasing the secret key rate and extending the transmission distance. Our simulation results show that multiple antennas are necessary to overcome the high free-space path loss at THz frequencies. We demonstrate a non-monotonic relation between performance and frequency, and reveal that positive key rates are achievable in the 10–30 THz frequency range. The proposed scheme can be used for both indoor and outdoor QKD applications for beyond fifth generation ultra-secure wireless communications systems.
We propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme for terahertz (THz) frequency applications operating at room temperature. Motivated by classical MIMO communications, a transmit-receive beamforming scheme is proposed that converts the rank-rrrMIMO channel between Alice and Bob intorrrparallel lossy quantum channels. Compared with existing single-antenna QKD schemes, we demonstrate that the MIMO QKD scheme leads to performance improvements by increasing the secret key rate and extending the transmission distance. Our simulation results show that multiple antennas are necessary to overcome the high free-space path loss at THz frequencies. We demonstrate a non-monotonic relation between performance and frequency, and reveal that positive key rates are achievable in the 10–30 THz frequency range. The proposed scheme can be used for both indoor and outdoor QKD applications for beyond fifth generation ultra-secure wireless communications systems.
With the emergence of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, ensuring information-theoretic security at extremely high data rates has become a critical challenge. Conventional cryptographic techniques are increasingly vulnerable to quantum computing attacks, motivating the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with advanced wireless technologies. This paper proposes a hybrid QKD–Massive MIMO framework operating in the terahertz (THz) band (10–30 THz) to evaluate secure key generation performance under realistic distance, frequency, and antenna scaling conditions. A security-aware Secret Key Rate (SKR) model is developed by incorporating Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) constraints and distance-dependent attenuation. Extensive simulations analyze SKR variation with transmission distance (1–10 m), carrier frequency, and antenna array size (32–1024). Results demonstrate that massive MIMO significantly enhances SKR and extends the secure communication range, while higher THz frequencies introduce stronger attenuation. The proposed framework validates the feasibility of scalable quantum-secure THz communications for future 6G networks.
Although multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terahertz (THz) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is theoretically secure, practical vulnerabilities may arise due to detector imperfections. This paper explores a CV measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD system operating at THz frequencies within a MIMO framework. In this system, measurement is delegated to an untrusted third party, Charlie, rather than the receiver, eliminating all detector attacks and significantly enhancing the system's practical security. Using transmit-receive beamforming techniques, the system transforms MIMO channels into multiple parallel lossy quantum channels, enabling robust key distribution between Alice and Bob. This study examines entanglement-based and prepare-and-measure protocols, deriving secret key rates for both asymptotic and finite code scenarios. Simulations reveal the critical role of multiple antenna configurations and efficient homodyne detection in mitigating free-space path loss and maximizing key rates. Results indicate that system performance is optimized at lower THz frequencies for long-range transmissions and higher frequencies for short-range applications. The proposed protocol offers a scalable solution for secure quantum communications in next-generation wireless networks, demonstrating potential for deployment in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the major applications of quantum information technology. It can provide ultra‐secure key distribution with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum physics. Quantum key distribution is necessary to protect data transmission from quantum computing attacks in future communication networks. The laws of quantum mechanics dictate that as opposed to microwave frequencies, quantum coherence is preserved at room temperatures for terahertz (THz) frequencies. This makes the THz band a promising solution for room‐temperature QKD implementation in future wireless communication networks. The authors present the principles of continuous variable QKD (CV‐QKD) systems and review the latest developments in the design and analysis of CV‐QKD systems operating at microwave and THz frequencies. The authors also discuss how multiple‐input multiple‐output transmission can be incorporated into the quantum communications framework to improve the secret key rates and increase the coverage distances of the THz CV‐QKD system. Furthermore, major hardware challenges that must be surmounted to practically realise THz CV‐QKD systems are highlighted.
As wireless networks become increasingly integral to modern communication infrastructures, the need for robust security mechanisms to protect sensitive information has never been more critical. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) presents a revolutionary approach to secure communications by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure the theoretical unbreakability of cryptographic keys. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current status of QKD technologies within the context of wireless networks, utilizing secondary data sources to analyze recent advancements, implementations, and challenges. The paper begins by outlining the fundamental principles of QKD and its superiority over classical cryptographic methods. It then examines recent developments in QKD protocols and their adaptability to wireless environments, highlighting successful case studies and experimental trials. Key challenges, including technological limitations, integration hurdles with existing network infrastructures, and cost considerations, are discussed in detail. The review also explores emerging trends and innovations, such as hybrid QKD systems and satellite-based implementations, which promise to expand the applicability and feasibility of QKD in wireless networks. Finally, the study delineates future prospects and potential research directions, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing limitations and fully realize the potential of QKD in enhancing wireless network security.