Manipulation of Pulse and Pulse Intensity of Optical Solitons Via Super‐Gaussian Beam in Atomic Medium
Amir Ali, Shreefa O. Hilali, Abdul Majeed +1 more
ABSTRACT The manipulation of optical solitons and their pulse intensity in a five‐level M‐type Kerr atomic medium driven by control fields of a super‐Gaussian beam is investigated. Here, we study an important problem for the design of tunable nonlinear optical and quantum communication systems that can control soliton characteristics through spatial beam parameters. The theoretical investigation is based on the density‐matrix formalism combined with the Maxwell–Bloch equations to analyze the propagation dynamics of solitonic pulses under different beam orders, variances, detunings, and Rabi frequencies. It is shown that the soliton profile depends strongly on the deviation and order of the super‐Gaussian beam. The pulse amplitude and localization significantly improve, and the system exhibits transitions from multipeak to bright and dark periodic solitons when the power is adjusted between 1 and 10 and the variances between 0 and 1. The measured soliton intensities from to show controlled behavior throughout spatial and temporal coordinates. The results demonstrate that the dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity balance may be externally adjusted using beam shape, enabling flexible soliton generation and control. This work is novel and extends earlier work that was limited to Gaussian or lower level configurations by introducing a structured‐beam‐driven approach to control optical solitons in M‐type atomic system.
Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences•Nov 26, 2025•5 citations