Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Annalen der Physik

Interaction of Hermite–Gaussian Beams with a Macroscopic Atomic Target

S. Ramakrishna, Zhongwen Wu, A V Maiorova, S. Fritzsche

Published Jul 10, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A theoretical analysis is presented on the photoexcitation of a macroscopic atomic target by a Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beam within the framework of density matrix theory. Special emphasis is paid to the influence of the incoming HG mode on the population of an excited state and the emitted fluorescence radiation. In particular, a general expression for the alignment parameter of the excited state is derived, which depends on the beam parameters of the HG mode. Although the developed theory can be applied to any atomic system, here the electric dipole transition in neutral sodium atoms is investigated when driven by three , and modes. For this optical (valence‐shell) excitation, it is demonstrated that the population of the excited state is sensitive to the beam waist and the mode index of the HG beam. Furthermore, the influence of beam parameters on the angular distribution and linear polarization of the emitted fluorescence radiation is discussed.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202400048

Related papers

Excitation of Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Atoms by Hermite–Gaussian Modes

A. A. Peshkov, Elena Jordan, Markus Kromrey +3 more

Abstract Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10and HG01beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG‐like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly‐forbidden atomic transitions.

Annalen der Physik•Jul 12, 2023•15 citations

Excitation of Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Atoms by Hermite–Gaussian Modes

A. A. Peshkov, Jordan, Elena, Markus Kromrey +3 more

Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the (Formula presented.) electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10 and HG01 beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG-like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly-forbidden atomic transitions.

arXiv:2305.04523•Jan 1, 2023•0 citations

Excitation of Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Atoms by Hermite–Gaussian Modes

Peshkov, Anton A., Jordan, Elena, Kromrey, Markus +3 more

Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the (Formula presented.) electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10 and HG01 beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG-like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly-forbidden atomic transitions.

•Jan 1, 2023•0 citations

Interaction Between Atoms and Structured Light Fields

Shreyas Ramakrishna, S. Fritzsche

Structured light encompasses a vast variety of light fields. It has unique properties such as non-uniform transverse intensity and a polarization pattern across their beam cross-sections. In this contribution, we discuss the photoexcitation of a single ionic target system driven by different sets of structured light modes. Specifically, we provide a compilation of transition amplitudes for various structured light modes interacting with atomic systems based on the first-order perturbation theory. To illustrate this, we will choose an electric quadrupole transition (4sS1/22→3dD5/22) in the target Ca+ ion driven by a structured light field. For this particular interaction, we examine how the beam parameters affect the population of magnetic sub-levels in the atomic excited state.

Atoms•Feb 13, 2025•0 citations

Photoexcitation of polarized atoms by polarized radiation

Alicija Kupliauskienė

An expression for the probability of the excitation of polarized atoms by polarized radiation is obtained by using the graphical technique of angular momentum. In the case of pure states, the applied method is an alternative to that of density matrix formalism. The obtained expression enables one to describe the polarization state of an excited atom and can be used to derive formulas for the special cases under specific experimental conditions as well as for the photoexcitation as the first step process. The application of obtained expressions for the description of multistep processes is discussed. The photoexcitation of unpolarized atoms by polarized radiation and polarized atoms by unpolarized radiation is considered as the examples of practical application of the obtained general expression.

Lithuanian Journal of Physics•Jan 1, 2004•9 citations

Spatial effects of radiation trapping in an optically thick atomic vapor excited by a laser beam

Tobias Scholz, M. Schiffer, Joachim Welzel +2 more

We describe the influence of radiation trapping on the spatial distribution of the excited-state population in sodium vapor, interacting with a linearly polarized Gaussian laser beam. Counterintuitively the excitation volume experiences a strong spatial shrinking at high optical depth. The interpretation of this nonlocal effect is based on the numerical solution of the stationary Holstein equation, which takes into account the full frequency dependence of the reabsorption probability within the process of diffusion of radiation. The calculations performed are in good qualitative agreement with the spatial effects observed experimentally. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1996•15 citations
Abstract A theoretical analysis is presented on the photoexcitation of a macroscopic atomic target by a Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beam within the framework of density matrix theory. Special emphasis is paid to the influence of the incoming HG mode on the population of an excited state and the emitted fluorescence radiation. In particular, a general expression for the alignment parameter of the excited state is derived, which depends on the beam parameters of the HG mode. Although the developed theory can be applied to any atomic system, here the electric dipole transition in neutral sodium atoms is investigated when driven by three , and modes. For this optical (valence‐shell) excitation, it is demonstrated that the population of the excited state is sensitive to the beam waist and the mode index of the HG beam. Furthermore, the influence of beam parameters on the angular distribution and linear polarization of the emitted fluorescence radiation is discussed.
Abstract Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10and HG01beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG‐like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly‐forbidden atomic transitions.
Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the (Formula presented.) electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10 and HG01 beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG-like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly-forbidden atomic transitions.
Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the (Formula presented.) electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10 and HG01 beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG-like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly-forbidden atomic transitions.
Structured light encompasses a vast variety of light fields. It has unique properties such as non-uniform transverse intensity and a polarization pattern across their beam cross-sections. In this contribution, we discuss the photoexcitation of a single ionic target system driven by different sets of structured light modes. Specifically, we provide a compilation of transition amplitudes for various structured light modes interacting with atomic systems based on the first-order perturbation theory. To illustrate this, we will choose an electric quadrupole transition (4sS1/22→3dD5/22) in the target Ca+ ion driven by a structured light field. For this particular interaction, we examine how the beam parameters affect the population of magnetic sub-levels in the atomic excited state.
An expression for the probability of the excitation of polarized atoms by polarized radiation is obtained by using the graphical technique of angular momentum. In the case of pure states, the applied method is an alternative to that of density matrix formalism. The obtained expression enables one to describe the polarization state of an excited atom and can be used to derive formulas for the special cases under specific experimental conditions as well as for the photoexcitation as the first step process. The application of obtained expressions for the description of multistep processes is discussed. The photoexcitation of unpolarized atoms by polarized radiation and polarized atoms by unpolarized radiation is considered as the examples of practical application of the obtained general expression.
We describe the influence of radiation trapping on the spatial distribution of the excited-state population in sodium vapor, interacting with a linearly polarized Gaussian laser beam. Counterintuitively the excitation volume experiences a strong spatial shrinking at high optical depth. The interpretation of this nonlocal effect is based on the numerical solution of the stationary Holstein equation, which takes into account the full frequency dependence of the reabsorption probability within the process of diffusion of radiation. The calculations performed are in good qualitative agreement with the spatial effects observed experimentally. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.