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Laser Physics Letters

Mode-selective photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state and its entanglement properties

Heng-Mei Li, Zhen Wang, Jianwen Cai, Hong‐Chun Yuan, Xue-xiang Xu

Published Jul 3, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A class of non-Gaussian entangled states is introduced by applying the nonlocal single-photon addition to two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the properties of entanglement are numerically investigated according to linear entropy and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering. After the nonlocal single-photon addition operation, Wigner function of the generated state appears some negative region and loses its Gaussian property in phase space. In essence, non-Gaussian entangled states are generated after applying nonlocal single-photon addition. Additionally, by studying the linear entropy and EPR steering, we find that single-photon addition can enhance their entanglement degree and non-Gaussian steering can be witnessed in a large range of squeezing parameter for the second-order quadratures, which may provide a well application in the fields of quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ad59f9

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Abstract A class of non-Gaussian entangled states is introduced by applying the nonlocal single-photon addition to two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the properties of entanglement are numerically investigated according to linear entropy and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering. After the nonlocal single-photon addition operation, Wigner function of the generated state appears some negative region and loses its Gaussian property in phase space. In essence, non-Gaussian entangled states are generated after applying nonlocal single-photon addition. Additionally, by studying the linear entropy and EPR steering, we find that single-photon addition can enhance their entanglement degree and non-Gaussian steering can be witnessed in a large range of squeezing parameter for the second-order quadratures, which may provide a well application in the fields of quantum information processing.
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Abstract This paper investigates the quantum features of non-Gaussian states generated by applying a two-mode squeezing operator S ˆ a b ( s ) to two generalized single-mode squeezed vacuum states (SVSs), each formed by the superposition of an SVS and a single–photon–subtracted SVS. The results show that, in the new states, the two-mode squeezing effect, the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation, the Hillery–Zubairy entanglement, and the linear entropy are all enhanced as the two-mode squeezing parameter s increases. Moreover, both the degrees of squeezing and entanglement are improved and exceed those of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVS) for stronger single-mode squeezing parameters. The optimal conditions for achieving such enhancements are identified for different regimes, depending on whether the generalized SVSs are purely Gaussian, maximally non-Gaussian, or intermediate states. In an application, the quantum Cramér–Rao bound (QCRB) is evaluated when the non-Gaussian states are employed as inputs to a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The results further demonstrate that the enhanced phase sensitivity in the MZI originates from both the squeezing strengths and the intrinsic photon-subtraction operation. These findings highlight the potential of the new non-Gaussian states as promising resources for quantum metrology and quantum sensing.
Abstract In this work, we present a theoretical scheme for generating a new kind of tunable non-Gaussian entangled state, by means of beam splitters and multi-photon conditional measurement with two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVS) inputs. The output state is proven to be two-variable Hermite polynomial excited squeezed vacuum states, whose success probability of detection relates to the Jacobi polynomials. We then mainly study the entanglement properties of the output state for the symmetric case quantified by the von Neumann entropy and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen correlation. It is shown that the entropy of entanglement is valid for verifying the improvement of entanglement within a certain range of squeezing parameter and transmissivity, and the resulting state case may possess a stronger correlation than the initial TMSVS by increasing the transmissivity or photon number of detection. In addition, the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality for the output state is also evaluated in terms of Wigner representation in phase space. It is found that the negative region of Wigner function distribution becomes more visible with the increase of the photon number of detection, and the degree of the violation of the CHSH inequality significantly increases as the photon number of detection for the symmetrical case increases. The resulting state with highly nonclassical characteristics will provide a useful application in the fields of quantum information processing.
Quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering are valuable resources in quantum information processing. How to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering of coupled optomechanical systems with a weak squeezed vacuum field is studied when the displacement of detuning induced by the mechanical mode is considered. Compared with the condition that the system interacts with a vacuum environment, the quantum entanglement and EPR steering are stronger when the squeezed vacuum field is applied. A squeezed vacuum field with a large degree is not beneficial to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering. Rather than the squeezing parameter of the squeezed vacuum field, the reference phase plays a vital role in this model.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering and multimode quantum squeezing are essential resources for various quantum applications. The paper focuses on studying a coupled three-mode squeezed vacuum (C3MSV), which is a typical multimode squeezed Gaussian state and will exhibit peculiar steering property. Using the technique of integration within ordered products, we give the normal-ordering form for the coupled three-mode squeezing operator and derive the general analytical expressions of the statistical quantities for the C3MSV. Under Gaussian measurements, we analyze all bipartite Gaussian steerings (including no steering, one-way steering, and two-way steering) in detail and study the monogamy relations for the C3MSV. Then, we study the decoherence of all these steerings in noisy channels and find that sudden death will happen in a certain threshold time. Through the steerings shared in the C3MSV, we propose conceptual (and ideal) schemes of remotely generating Wigner negativity by performing appropriate photon subtraction(s) in the local position. Our obtained results may lay a solid theoretical foundation for a future practical study. We also believe that the C3MSV will be one of good candidate resources in future quantum protocols.
For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, based on a two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV), we introduce photon-added orthogonal TMSVs and photon-subtracted orthogonal TMSVs via multiphoton addition a † k b † l and multiphoton subtraction a k b l ( k , l are arbitrary integers). As a comparison, we also consider photon-added TMSVs and photon-subtracted TMSVs. We theoretically analyze Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation and teleportation fidelity for all these two-mode states. Our results indicate that orthogonalization cannot enhance EPR correlation and teleportation fidelity, at least so far.