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Lecture notes in computer science

Statistical Model Checking for Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks

Anubhav Srivastava, M. V. Panduranga Rao

Published Jan 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-63778-0_25

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While entanglement swapping enables long-distance quantum connections, it may frequently fail and introduce significant latency. Analyzing the latency of end-to-end (E2E) entanglement distribution is a critical yet not well understood problem. In this paper, we address the latency minimization problem in quantum networks at both the path and network levels. We model the stochastic behavior of entanglement swappings and provide a more accurate statistical representation of E2E latency. By proving the optimal substructure of E2E latency, we propose a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm to determine the optimal swapping order for path-level latency minimization. Then leveraging such path-level solution, we further formulate and solve a path-selection based optimization for network-wide latency routing problem as well. To further reduce latency, we also explore the benefits of redundant entanglement resources and propose a greedy algorithm to allocate these resources effectively. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the accuracy of our statistical modeling and analysis, the benefits of additional resources in reducing latency, and the superior performance of our proposed solutions over existing approaches at both the path and network levels.
Semiconductor quantum dots are promising building blocks for quantum communication applications. Although deterministic, efficient, and coherent emission of entangled photons has been realized, implementing a practical quantum repeater remains outstanding. Here we explore the statistical limits for entanglement swapping with sources of polarization-entangled photons from the commonly used biexciton-exciton cascade. We stress the necessity of tuning the exciton fine structure, and explain why the often observed time evolution of photonic entanglement in quantum dots is not applicable for large quantum networks. We identify the critical, statistically distributed device parameters for entanglement swapping based on two sources. A numerical model for benchmarking the consequences of device fabrication, dynamic tuning techniques, and statistical effects is developed, in order to bring the realization of semiconductor-based quantum networks one step closer to reality.
We propose a scheme for secure quantum message exchanging network following the idea in entanglement swapping. In this scheme, the servers of the network provide the service for preparing the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states as quantum channels. For preventing the eavesdropping, a security checking method is suggested. After the security check, anyone of the authorized users can exchange his/her messages with another on the network securely and directly.   Key words: Quantum secure direct communication, entanglement swapping, quantum communication network PACS.