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Quantum Information Processing

Cryptographic enhancement of image data security through quantum-classical hybrid encryption with parameterized pixel ratios

Zeng Lin, Yan Chang, XueJian Zhang, Weifeng Xue, Shibin Zhang, Lili Yan

Published Jun 24, 2024• 8 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-024-04431-9

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This research introduces a novel cryptographic system that enhances the security of steganographic images by integrating Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with traditional encryption. Using the E91 QKD protocol, it generates a shared secret key between parties, leveraging quantum entanglement to provide superior protection against eavesdropping. The quantum key is then hashed with the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) to produce a fixed-length, high-entropy key for symmetric encryption . The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is employed to encrypt steganographic images, which conceal critical data within digital images, adding an extra layer of security through obscurity. Experiments with images of varying resolutions (64 × 64 to 512 × 512 pixels) show consistent encryption performance. The encrypted images exhibit high randomness, with an average entropy of 7.9929. Differential attack resilience is demonstrated by a Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) averaging 99.6928% and a Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 56.1549%. The average E91 protocol key generation time is 5.78 s with a key rate of 7.43 bps. Encryption and decryption times for test images are 0.00149 and 0.00175 s, respectively. This research combines quantum and classical cryptography with steganography, providing a robust security framework highly resistant to both quantum and classical threats.
Objectives. The aim of the work is the development and experimental verification of a hybrid postquantum image encryption algorithm based on a 3D chaotic system and the Rubik's cube principle. Methods. Issues of the vulnerability of traditional encryption methods to attacks using quantum computers are considered. To create a cryptographically robust algorithm, it is proposed to combine the advantages of chaotic systems and quantum computing. A new 3D chaotic system based on a modified Lorenz system is used for generating pseudorandom keys. The Rubik's cube principle is applied to perform image scrambling operations (cyclic shifting of rows and columns). The NEQR (Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation) model is used for quantum representation and data processing. The algorithm is implemented in Python using the Quiskit, OpenCV, and NumPy libraries, as well as the AerSimulator quantum computing simulator. Results. A hybrid encryption algorithm has been developed and implemented as a computer program. The algorithm was tested on images of various sizes and formats. Resistance to statistical and differential attacks has been experimentally confirmed: the correlation coefficient of adjacent pixels in the encrypted images is close to zero, the information entropy is close to the ideal value of 8, and the NPCR and PSNR values exceed 99,25 % and are less than 13 dB, respectively. Conclusion. The proposed hybrid algorithm demonstrates high cryptographic strength and efficiency. Key sensitivity, the use of quantum principles, and performance optimization through multithreading make it practical for use in security-critical areas such as IoT, telemedicine, and cloud storage. The software implementation operates locally without requiring an internet connection, which ensures data security.
Encryption is a vital tool for safeguarding photos from unauthorized access. The ease of storing data in the cloud has come with a downside: increased vulnerability to hacking. Securing communication is paramount in today's digital world, and encryption is essential for achieving this. Many photo encryption techniques hinge on chaotic logistic maps. Basically, two aspects of chaotic maps Continuous chaotic map and discrete chaotic map. This proposal defines utilization of Quantum cryptography-based Image encryption technique by using pixel permutation. The standard algorithms and procedures used by classical cryptography, such as key exchange methods for secrecy and public-key encryption techniques for digital signatures, are delivered on a regular basis to fulfill these obligations. They are simple to manipulate using cutting-edge technology, but they have some drawbacks when it comes to real-time communication security assurance phases. The reliability of classical cryptography is limited to Scheming. In classical cryptography, the key size is in a somewhat reduced form. Therefore, it is unknown how long the algorithm will last. Hackers can use it to take screenshots of the encrypted data, which they can subsequently use to carry out other immoral tasks. Numerous cryptographic tasks may be accomplished with quantum cryptography. Since encrypted data cannot be copied or read in the quantum state, unethical communication practices are reduced. Passive attacks are unfeasible due to the huge key space that quantum communication may exploit. To enhance the security level, we used pixel permutation model in discreate chaotic map Gingerbreadman map.