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Service Oriented Computing and Applications

Secure authentication framework for IoT applications using a hash-based post-quantum signature scheme

Purvi Tandel, Jitendra Nasriwala

Published Jun 14, 2024• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11761-024-00414-x

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We are surrounded by many smart applications that make human life efficient. The general concept of IoT applications involves communication between devices. To make our smart environment secure, authentication is the most important requirement to be achieved to avoid unwanted attacks. Cryptographic schemes used currently in such IoT devices are public-key cryptographic primitives that are vulnerable to future quantum attacks. Quantum approaches derived by Shor and Grover will break the public-key primitives with square root and cube root speedups. Hence, there is a need to develop a successful and efficient signature scheme to authenticate such devices. Post-quantum cryptographic approaches are based on hard mathematical problems which are difficult to break by future attacks. Amongst all these post-quantum signature approaches, hash-based post-quantum signatures incorporate existing hash algorithms to achieve the required security level. This paper summarises stateful hash-based post-quantum signature schemes that can be implemented on constrained devices for IoT applications.

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With the increasing demand of consumers for food safety, the application of Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture is more and more extensive, especially the use of technologies such as QR codes and sensors for food information traceability. However, the Internet of Things still faces challenges in ensuring the authenticity of food data transmission and the integrity of food anti-counterfeiting authentication, especially the traditional digital signature algorithm that the Internet of Things relies on is vulnerable to the security threat brought by future quantum computers. In order to solve this problem, we propose a domestic replacement solution for the post-quantum digital signature algorithm SPHINCS-α(an improvement of the standardized post-quantum digital signature scheme SPHINCS+), and use the chinese national standard cryptographic hash function Shang Mi 3 (SM3) to replace its underlying hash function. Finally, we conducted experiments, gave the benchmark test results under three security parameters, and compared the performance with the original scheme using SHA256 and Shake256 hash function. The results prove the feasibility of our method, although there is a small rate drop, but in exchange for a more secure domestic hash function. It provides strong support for the early deployment of post-quantum cryptography algorithm in the Internet of Things environment of sustainable agriculture and industry, and ensures the integrity of the Internet of Things data in the practice of sustainable agriculture.

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We are surrounded by many smart applications that make human life efficient. The general concept of IoT applications involves communication between devices. To make our smart environment secure, authentication is the most important requirement to be achieved to avoid unwanted attacks. Cryptographic schemes used currently in such IoT devices are public-key cryptographic primitives that are vulnerable to future quantum attacks. Quantum approaches derived by Shor and Grover will break the public-key primitives with square root and cube root speedups. Hence, there is a need to develop a successful and efficient signature scheme to authenticate such devices. Post-quantum cryptographic approaches are based on hard mathematical problems which are difficult to break by future attacks. Amongst all these post-quantum signature approaches, hash-based post-quantum signatures incorporate existing hash algorithms to achieve the required security level. This paper summarises stateful hash-based post-quantum signature schemes that can be implemented on constrained devices for IoT applications.
We are surrounded by many smart applications that make human life efficient. The general concept of IoT applications involves communication between devices. To make our smart environment secure, authentication is the most important requirement to be achieved to avoid unwanted attacks. Cryptographic schemes used currently in such IoT devices are public-key cryptographic primitives that are vulnerable to future quantum attacks. Quantum approaches derived by Shor and Grover will break the public-key primitives with square root and cube root speedups. Hence, there is a need to develop a successful and efficient signature scheme to authenticate such devices. Post-quantum cryptographic approaches are based on hard mathematical problems which are difficult to break by future attacks. Amongst all these post-quantum signature approaches, hash-based post-quantum signatures incorporate existing hash algorithms to achieve the required security level. This paper summarises stateful hash-based post-quantum signature schemes that can be implemented on constrained devices for IoT applications.
With the increasing demand of consumers for food safety, the application of Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture is more and more extensive, especially the use of technologies such as QR codes and sensors for food information traceability. However, the Internet of Things still faces challenges in ensuring the authenticity of food data transmission and the integrity of food anti-counterfeiting authentication, especially the traditional digital signature algorithm that the Internet of Things relies on is vulnerable to the security threat brought by future quantum computers. In order to solve this problem, we propose a domestic replacement solution for the post-quantum digital signature algorithm SPHINCS-α(an improvement of the standardized post-quantum digital signature scheme SPHINCS+), and use the chinese national standard cryptographic hash function Shang Mi 3 (SM3) to replace its underlying hash function. Finally, we conducted experiments, gave the benchmark test results under three security parameters, and compared the performance with the original scheme using SHA256 and Shake256 hash function. The results prove the feasibility of our method, although there is a small rate drop, but in exchange for a more secure domestic hash function. It provides strong support for the early deployment of post-quantum cryptography algorithm in the Internet of Things environment of sustainable agriculture and industry, and ensures the integrity of the Internet of Things data in the practice of sustainable agriculture.