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AIP conference proceedings

Non-Markovian dynamics in a quantum emitter near a topological insulator nanoparticle

Emmanuel Paspalakis, Sotirios Baskoutas, David B. Hayrapetyan, Ioannis Thanopulos

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the spontaneous emission dynamics of a quantum emitter near a topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanosphere, using a combination of electromagnetic calculations and quantum dynamics simulations. For the study of the quantum system dynamics, besides the excited state population dynamics, different non-Markovianity measures are used. We also estimate the quantum speed limit in the system. For large free-space decay rates, the dynamics has strong non-Markovian features, which correlate directly with large values of non-Markovianity measures and possible significant quantum speedup of the dynamics. The dynamical features become gradually Markovian as the free-space decay times become long, while the corresponding non- Markovianity measures tend to zero and the quantum speedup diminishes.

DOI
10.1063/5.0210126

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We study the spontaneous emission dynamics of a quantum emitter near a graphene nanodisk. We analyze the population dynamics of the excited state of the quantum emitter and also explore its dynamics as a non-Markovian open system. Specifically, we quantify the non-Markovian spontaneous emission dynamics using different non-Markovianity measures and calculate the quantum speed limit under non-Markovian evolution. We find strong light-matter coupling conditions for the quantum emitter near the graphene nanodisk, which are manifested in either distinct decaying Rabi oscillations or population trapping effects in the excited state population dynamics of the quantum emitter, depending on the parameters of the system. We also show that the values of the non-Markovianity measures and of the potential quantum speed up are large under strong light–matter coupling conditions.
We investigate the dynamical evolution of the spontaneous emission of a two-level quantum emitter near a graphene nanodisk. We employ the macroscopic quantum electrodynamics methodology to study the reversible population dynamics of the excited state of the quantum emitter in the non-Markovian limit. Our results indicate that the quantum-emitter--nanodisk interaction enters the strong light-matter coupling regime, as manifested in the excited-state probability where Rabi oscillations and population trapping effects are observed. The level of non-Markovianity is estimated by computing three different well-established measures and relate them to the quantum speedup due to the strong-coupling interaction of the emitter with the graphene nanodisk. Importantly, high values of the non-Markovianity and quantum speedup measures are achieved when the emitter-nanodisk interaction is strong, whereas decreasing coupling strength leads to smaller values.
We investigate the spontaneous emission dynamics of a two-level quantum emitter near a transition-metal dichalcogenide layer, specifically, a tungsten disulfide (WS2) layer. The optical response of the WS2layer is obtained by electromagnetic calculations using parameters by experimental data. We find that depending on the distance between the quantum emitter, and the WS2layer the spontaneous decay can be enhanced up to 104compared with its free-space value for an emitter with transition dipole moment oriented perpendicular or tangential to the layer. We also perform quantum dynamical calculations, which indicate that the emitter's spontaneous emission dynamics changes from Markovian to weakly non-Markovian to clearly non-Markovian, featuring decaying population oscillations, as the coupling grows from relatively weak to strong, depending on the distance of the emitter to the layer, and the emitter's free-space decay rate. For quantum emitters with fast free-space decay times placed at close distances to the WS2layer, the ultrastrong coupling regime can be reached, and we find that a significant amount of the initial population of the quantum emitter can remain trapped in it. We also quantify non-Markovianity using different measures. Similar results can also be obtained for other transition-metal dichalcogenide layers, like a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) layer.
We investigate theoretically the non-Markovian dynamics of a degenerate V-type quantum emitter in the vicinity of a metallic nanosphere, a system that exhibits quantum interference in spontaneous emission due to the anisotropic Purcell effect. We calculate numerically the electromagnetic Green's tensor and employ the effective modes differential equation method for calculating the quantum dynamics of the emitter population, with respect to the resonance frequency and the initial state of the emitter, as well as its distance from the nanosphere. We find that the emitter population evolution varies between a gradual total decay and a partial decay combined with oscillatory population dynamics, depending strongly on the specific values of the above three parameters. Under strong-coupling conditions, coherent population trapping can be observed in this system. We compare our exact results with results when the flat continuum approximation for the vacuum modified by the metallic nanosphere is applied. We conclude that the flat continuum approximation is an excellent approximation only when the spectral density of the system under study is characterized by nonoverlapping plasmonic resonances.
We study the spontaneous emission of a two-level quantum emitter next to a plasmonic nanoparticle beyond the Markovian approximation and the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) by combining quantum dynamics and classical electromagnetic calculations. For emitters with decay times in the picosecond to nanosecond time regime, as well as located at distances from the nanoparticle up to its radius, the dynamics with and without the RWA and the transition from the non-Markovian to the Markovian regime are investigated. For emitters with longer decay times, the Markov approximation proves to be adequate for distances larger than half the nanoparticle radius. However, the RWA is correct for all distances of the emitter from the nanoparticle. For short decay time emitters, the Markov approximation and RWA are both inadequate, with only the RWA becoming valid again at a distance larger than half the nanoparticle radius. We also show that the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled qubits interacting independently with the nanoparticle may have a strong non-Markovian character when counter-rotating effects are included. Interesting effects such as entanglement sudden death, periodic entanglement revival, entanglement oscillations, and entanglement trapping are further observed when different initial two-qubit states and different distances between the qubit and the nanoparticle are considered.