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Nanophotonics

Ultrashort pulse biphoton source in lithium niobate nanophotonics at 2 μm

James Williams, Rajveer Nehra, Elina Sendonaris, Luis M. Ledezma, Robert M. Gray, Ryoto Sekine, Alireza Marandi

Published Jun 12, 2024• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photonics offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing (QIP) such as room-temperature operation, the scalability of nanophotonics, and access to ultrabroad bandwidths and consequently ultrafast operation. Ultrashort pulse sources of quantum states in nanophotonics are an important building block for achieving scalable ultrafast QIP; however, their demonstrations so far have been sparse. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond biphoton source in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics. We measure 17 THz of bandwidth for the source centered at 2.09 µm, corresponding to a few optical cycles, with a brightness of 8.8 GHz/mW. Our results open new paths toward realization of ultrafast nanophotonic QIP.

DOI
10.1515/nanoph-2024-0054

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Photonics offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing (QIP) such as room-temperature operation, the scalability of nanophotonics, and access to ultrabroad bandwidths and consequently ultrafast operation. Ultrashort pulse sources of quantum states in nanophotonics are an important building block for achieving scalable ultrafast QIP; however, their demonstrations so far have been sparse. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond biphoton source in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics. We measure 17 THz of bandwidth for the source centered at 2.09 µm, corresponding to a few optical cycles, with a brightness of 8.8 GHz/mW. Our results open new paths toward realization of ultrafast nanophotonic QIP.
Ultra-Short Pulse Biphoton Source in Lithium Niobate Nanophotonics at 2μ\textμμm
Photonics offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing (QIP) such as room-temperature operation, the scalability of nanophotonics, and access to ultrabroad bandwidths and consequently ultrafast operation. Ultrashort-pulse sources of quantum states in nanophotonics are an important building block for achieving scalable ultrafast QIP, however, their demonstrations so far have been sparse. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond biphoton source in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics. We measure 17 THz of bandwidth for the source centered at 2.09 \textmu m, corresponding to a few optical cycles, with a brightness of 8.8 GHz/mW. Our results open new paths towards realization of ultrafast nanophotonic QIP.
The development of quantum technologies on nanophotonic platforms has seen momentous progress in the past decade. Despite that, a demonstration of time-frequency entanglement over a broad spectral width is still lacking. Here we present an efficient source of ultrabroadband entangled photon pairs on a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. Employing dispersion engineering, we demonstrate a record-high 100 THz (1.2 μm-2 μm) generation bandwidth with a high efficiency of 13 GHz/mW and excellent noise performance with the coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 10^{5}. We also measure strong time-frequency entanglement with over 98% two-photon interference visibility.
Squeezed vacuum, a fundamental resource for continuous-variable quantum information processing, has been used to demonstrate quantum advantages in sensing, communication, and computation. While most experiments use homodyne detection to characterize squeezing and are therefore limited to electronic bandwidths, recent experiments have shown optical parametric amplification (OPA) to be a viable measurement strategy. Here, we realize OPA-based quantum state tomography in integrated photonics and demonstrate the generation and all-optical Wigner tomography of squeezed vacuum in a nanophotonic circuit. We employ dispersion engineering to enable the distortion-free propagation of femtosecond pulses and achieve ultrabroad operation bandwidths, effectively lifting the speed restrictions imposed by traditional electronics on quantum measurements with a theoretical maximum clock speed of 6.5 THz. We implement our circuit on thin-film lithium niobate, a platform compatible with a wide variety of active and passive photonic components. Our results chart a course for realizing all-optical ultrafast quantum information processing in an integrated room-temperature platform.