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APL Photonics

Enhanced efficiency of correlated photon pairs generation in silicon nitride with a low-loss 3D edge coupler

Xiaotian Zhu, Changyue Wang, Brent E. Little, Z. Y. Ou, Sai Tak Chu, Liang Cui, Xiaoying Li

Published Jun 1, 2024• 11 citations

Abstract

We demonstrate the generation of correlated photon pairs by using a hybrid integrated quantum photonic platform, where the dual-layer platform consists of a high-index doped silica glass (HDSG) layer to accommodate low-loss linear components and an SiN-based layer to accommodate the photon source. Leveraging the low-loss fiber coupling to the HDSG waveguide and the high nonlinearity of the SiN waveguide, we experimentally realize integrated source of photon pairs with high heralding efficiency. The directly measured photon pair rate is up to 87 KHz (corresponding to 1.74 × 10−3 pairs per pulse) when the coincidence-to-accidental ratio is greater than 10. The raw heralding efficiency can reach 18%. If the filtering loss is excluded, the heralding efficiency can further reach 29%.

DOI: 10.1063/5.0198693

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Integrated Silicon photonics has played an important role in advancing the applications of quantum information and quantum science. However, due to different material properties, it is challenging to integrate all components with excellent performance based on homogeneous material. Here, by combining high nonlinearity and low losses in a heterogeneous silicon platform, we efficiently generate high-quality photon pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing in hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide and route them off-chip through low loss silicon nitride waveguide. A record high coincidence- to- accidental rate value of 1632.6 (

\pm

260.4) is achieved in this heterogeneous design with a photon pair generation rate of 1.94 MHz. We also showcase a wide range of multi-channel photon sources with coincidence- to- accidental rate consistently at 200. Lastly, we measure heralded single-photons with a lowest

g^{(2)}_H(0)

of 0.1085

\pm

0.0014. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneous silicon platform as an ideal platform for efficient generation of photon pairs and routing them off-chip with low losses. It also paves a way for the future hybrid photonic integrated circuit by collecting distinct features from different materials.