Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum entanglement physics and Bell’s theorem

F.J. Duarte

Published Jun 4, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The physics of quantum entanglement is described entirely by the superposition probability amplitude of quantum entanglement. Here, we review the various derivational origins of this iconic probability amplitude and point out that from a purely physics perspective its origin is completely independent of Bell’s theorem. The implications of this observation, towards hidden variables and newer forms of superdeterminism, are critically examined.

DOI
10.1364/opticaopen.25954564

Related papers

Quantum entanglement physics and Bell’s theorem

F.J. Duarte

The physics of quantum entanglement is described entirely by the superposition probability amplitude of quantum entanglement. Here, we review the various derivational origins of this iconic probability amplitude and point out that from a purely physics perspective its origin is completely independent of Bell’s theorem. The implications of this observation, towards hidden variables and newer forms of superdeterminism, are critically examined.

•Jun 4, 2024•0 citations

Quantum entanglement and ‘the measurement problem’

F.J. Duarte

The physics of quantum entanglement measurements and N-slit quantum interference measurements is described entirely based on quantum indeterminism without the need to invoke a ‘collapse of the wave function’ thus neutralizing concerns about ‘the measurement problem.’ It is emphasized that the physics of quantum entanglement is decoupled from Bell’s theorem. This stochastic, and pragmatic, approach also makes redundant post-Bell-superdeterminism arguments.

•Jul 1, 2024•0 citations

Quantum entanglement and ‘the measurement problem’

F.J. Duarte

The physics of quantum entanglement measurements and N-slit quantum interference measurements is described entirely based on quantum indeterminism without the need to invoke a ‘collapse of the wave function’ thus neutralizing concerns about ‘the measurement problem.’ It is emphasized that the physics of quantum entanglement is decoupled from Bell’s theorem. This stochastic, and pragmatic, approach also makes redundant post-Bell-superdeterminism arguments.

•Jul 22, 2024•0 citations

Quantum entanglement and ‘the measurement problem’

F.J. Duarte

The physics of quantum entanglement measurements and N-slit quantum interference measurements is described entirely based on quantum indeterminism without the need to invoke a ‘collapse of the wave function’ thus neutralizing concerns about ‘the measurement problem.’ It is emphasized that the physics of quantum entanglement is decoupled from Bell’s theorem. This stochastic, and pragmatic, approach also makes redundant post-Bell-superdeterminism arguments.

•Jul 31, 2024•0 citations

Quantum entanglement and ‘the measurement problem’

F.J. Duarte

The physics of quantum entanglement measurements and N-slit quantum interference measurements is described entirely based on quantum indeterminism without the need to invoke a ‘collapse of the wave function’ thus neutralizing concerns about ‘the measurement problem.’ It is emphasized that the physics of quantum entanglement is decoupled from Bell’s theorem. This stochastic, and pragmatic, approach also makes redundant post-Bell-superdeterminism arguments.

•Jul 1, 2024•0 citations

On Quantum Superposition

Guang-Liang Li

Lying at the heart of quantum mechanics, the notion of quantum superposition causes enormous difficulty in understanding the problem of quantum measurement, which concerns the Einstein-Bohr debate on the conceptual foundations of the quantum theory. According to Bell’s theorem, Einstein’s viewpoint in his debate with Bohr seems to be wrong. In the present paper, a new principle (referred to as the general principle of measurements) is introduced and proved as a mathematical theorem. Based on this principle, various forms of quantum superposition (including quantum entanglement) and the corresponding experiments are scrutinized. The main findings are as follows. (a) Einstein’s viewpoint is correct and Bell’s theorem is problematic. (b) Measurement outcomes of any actual experiment with individual microscopic objects described in a form of quantum superposition, in particular, the experimental results of testing Bell inequalities, are all erroneously explained. (c) Bell inequalities failed to capture the essence of the Einstein-Bohr debate, i.e., whether quantum superposition is legitimate for describing individual microscopic objects. (d) All kinds of quantum superposition violate the general principle of measurements and hence are illegitimate. (e) Quantum mechanics can be completed by using disjunction (“or”) as the logical relation between the orthonormal vectors that span an arbitrarily given Hilbert space for describing a single microscopic object, and the mathematical setting will remain essentially unchanged; hidden-variable theories are irrelevant to the real world. (f) After completing quantum mechanics as above, the difficulty in understanding the problem of quantum measurement disappears naturally. Implications of the findings are also discussed.

Qeios•Aug 20, 2024•0 citations
The physics of quantum entanglement is described entirely by the superposition probability amplitude of quantum entanglement. Here, we review the various derivational origins of this iconic probability amplitude and point out that from a purely physics perspective its origin is completely independent of Bell’s theorem. The implications of this observation, towards hidden variables and newer forms of superdeterminism, are critically examined.
Lying at the heart of quantum mechanics, the notion of quantum superposition causes enormous difficulty in understanding the problem of quantum measurement, which concerns the Einstein-Bohr debate on the conceptual foundations of the quantum theory. According to Bell’s theorem, Einstein’s viewpoint in his debate with Bohr seems to be wrong. In the present paper, a new principle (referred to as the general principle of measurements) is introduced and proved as a mathematical theorem. Based on this principle, various forms of quantum superposition (including quantum entanglement) and the corresponding experiments are scrutinized. The main findings are as follows. (a) Einstein’s viewpoint is correct and Bell’s theorem is problematic. (b) Measurement outcomes of any actual experiment with individual microscopic objects described in a form of quantum superposition, in particular, the experimental results of testing Bell inequalities, are all erroneously explained. (c) Bell inequalities failed to capture the essence of the Einstein-Bohr debate, i.e., whether quantum superposition is legitimate for describing individual microscopic objects. (d) All kinds of quantum superposition violate the general principle of measurements and hence are illegitimate. (e) Quantum mechanics can be completed by using disjunction (“or”) as the logical relation between the orthonormal vectors that span an arbitrarily given Hilbert space for describing a single microscopic object, and the mathematical setting will remain essentially unchanged; hidden-variable theories are irrelevant to the real world. (f) After completing quantum mechanics as above, the difficulty in understanding the problem of quantum measurement disappears naturally. Implications of the findings are also discussed.